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This paper reviews the experiences of a number of European countries in coping with capital inflows. It describes the nature of the inflows, their implications for macroeconomic and financial stability, and the policy responses used to cope with them. The experiences suggest that as countries become more integrated with international financial markets, there is little room to regulate capital flows effectively. The most effective ways to deal with capital inflows would be to deepen the financial markets, strengthen financial system supervision and regulation, where needed, and improve the capacity to design and implement sound macroeconomic and financial sector policies. These actions will help increase the absorption capacity and resilience of the economies and financial systems to the risks associated with the inflows.
Private capital flows to developing countries have increased dramatically. This book identifies key concerns about the sustainability and volatility of these flows, and makes a number of recommendations for national macroeconomics management, including crisis prevention measures. In addition there is an innovative proposal for the orderly workout of sovereign debt
This paper reviews the experiences of a number of European countries in coping with capital inflows. It describes the nature of the inflows, their implications for macroeconomic and financial stability, and the policy responses used to cope with them. The experiences suggest that as countries become more integrated with international financial markets, there is little room to regulate capital flows effectively. The most effective ways to deal with capital inflows would be to deepen the financial markets, strengthen financial system supervision and regulation, where needed, and improve the capacity to design and implement sound macroeconomic and financial sector policies. These actions will help increase the absorption capacity and resilience of the economies and financial systems to the risks associated with the inflows
Emerging markets (EMs) are experiencing a surge in capital inflows, lifting asset prices and growth prospects. While inflows are typically beneficial for receiving countries, inflow surges can carry macroeconomic and financial stability risks. This paper reviews the recent experience of EMs in dealing with capital inflows and suggests a possible framework for IMF policy advice on the spectrum of measures available to policymakers to manage inflows, including macroeconomic policies, prudential measures and capital controls. Illustrative applications of this framework suggest that it may be appropriate for several countries, based on their current circumstances, to consider prudential measures or capital controls in response to capital inflows. The suggested framework is intended to inform staff policy advice to all Fund members with open capital accounts. It forms part of a broader effort to sharpen Fund surveillance, preserve evenhandedness, and foster greater global policy coordination. As indicated in the Supplement to this paper, this broader effort includes the development of “global rules of the game” on macroprudential policies, capital account liberalization, and reserve adequacy, and the preparation of spillover reports assessing spillovers from the five systemic economies—all of which will inform the current and broader framework being developed.
As a result of the Asian crisis, methods of coping with volatile international capital markets have received considerable attention from observers and policymakers. It has been argued that the imposition by Chile of a nonremunerated reserve requirement on external borrowing played a useful role in the smooth liberalization of its capital account by allowing Chile to deal effectively with short-term capital inflows and thus to reduce its vulnerability to external shocks, and that such measures should be adopted by other countries. In light of this, this paper reviews Chile’s experience in managing capital flows and draws lessons for policymakers.
This timely book examines how the countries of East Asia coped with the vast pool of international capital that flowed into the region during the early 1990s. East Asia appeared to be doing well. But, as this book was in preparation in 1997, a currency crisis sent capital fleeing and catapulted the East Asian economies into turmoil. Country-specific updates describe events since July 1997, how government authorities addressed the crisis, and what lessons can be learned.
Dealing with Capital Inflows: Are There Any Lessons? reviews the experience of a heterogeneous group of developing countries in maintaining macroeconomic stability in the face of heavy capital inflows. It makes a comparison of country responses organized according to policy response & identifies the limitations of each of these policies & conditions under which some policies can be self-defeating in that they attract more short-term investment. The publication is part of the Research for Action series which discusses policy-oriented research on the main strategic issues of development & international cooperation, as well as on the interaction between domestic & global changes.
Private capital flows to Latin America have increased dramatically since 1989. This book examines the possible causes and consequences of this new and unforeseen wave of investment from the perspectives of both the borrower and the lender. The authors first analyze direct investment, securities investment (both bonds and shares), and bank lending by investors in the United States, Europe, and Japan, as well as the regulations affecting those investors. They differentiate among the scale, features, and motivations of those investors and lenders. The authors then turn to the features of capital flows, their macroeconomic impact, and policy responses in three recipient countries: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. Those policy responses fundamentally relate to attempts to moderate the impact of capital inflows on exchange rates, to reduce the monetary impact of foreign exchange operations, and to moderate short-term capital inflows.
This paper examines country experiences with the use and liberalization of capital controls to develop a deeper understanding of the role of capital controls in coping with volatile capital flows, as well as the issues surrounding their liberalization. Detailed analyses of country cases aim to shed light on the motivations to limit capital flows; the role the controls may have played in coping with particular situations, including in financial crises and in limiting short-term inflows; the nature and design of the controls; and their effectivenes and potential costs. The paper also examines the link between prudential policies and capital controls and illstrates the ways in which better prudential practices and accelerated financial reforms could address the risks in cross-border capital transactions.