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Coping and Defending: Processes of Self-Environment Organization investigates coping and defending within the context of personal-social psychology, with emphasis on processes of self-environment organization. Topics range from ego and stress to personality theory, family, and child rearing. Comprised of 13 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on theories and conceptualizations of ego, paying particular attention to its logical constraints as state; the neomechanical personal man; rational choice; and continuity and discontinuity in states. Subsequent chapters explore coping, defense, and fragmentation as ego processes; immanent value in personality theory; problems and perspectives in investigating ego processes; and the interregulation between structures and ego processes. The next section is largely devoted to empirically based findings concerning the development of ego processing; the link between stress and processing; and processing in families. The final chapter describes research aimed at developing and improving coping and defense scales based on personality inventories. This monograph will be of interest to developmentalists, cognitivists, personologists, clinicians, and social psychologists, as well as sociologists and perhaps anthropologists.
"This highly effective guide is designed to help attorneys differentiate expert testimony that is scientifically well-established from authoritative pronouncements that are mainly speculative. Building on the foundation of Jay Ziskin's classic work, this updated text blends the best of previous editions with discussion of positive scientific advances in the field to provide practical guidance for experts and lawyers alike. Major contributors in the field summarize the state of the literature in numerous key areas of the behavioral sciences and law. Working from these foundations, the text provides extensive guidance, tips, and strategies for improving the quality of legal evaluations and testimony, appraising the trustworthiness of experts' opinions, and as follows, bolstering or challenging conclusions in a compelling manner. Distinctive features of this text include detailed coverage of admissibility and Daubert challenges, with unique chapters written by an eminently qualified judge and attorney; hundreds of helpful suggestions covering such topics as forensic evaluations, discovery, and the conduct of depositions and cross-examinations; and two chapters on the use of visuals to enhance communication and persuasiveness, including a unique chapter with over 125 model visuals for cases in psychology and law. More than ever, the sixth edition is an invaluable teaching tool and resource, making it a 'must have' for mental health professionals and attorneys"--
The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of self-esteem and locus of control to defending behavior as perceived by classmates in junior high schools in Japan, and to examine the relationship of all three of these to school grades. Special attention was given to how the present test-centered education in junior high in Japan might be negatively affecting the self-concepts of the students. Girls with high self-esteem were picked as copers by their classmates and girls with low-esteem as defenders. Boys who see themselves as in control of their lives were picked more often by their peers as copers, and boys who consider their lives influenced by luck were picked as defenders. The relationship between self-esteem and locus of control was significant for both boys and girls. A strong relationship between defending behavior and low GPA was found for both boys and girls. Low self-esteem appeared related to low GPA for girls only, and a relationship between external locus of control and low GPA was found only for boys. The inter-action among defending behavior, self-esteem and locus of control in relation to GPA was not significant. An analysis of the self-esteem item-placement scores revealed significant differences between students in the high and low quartiles in defending behavior for 15 items, suggesting meaningful differences in the way these students see themselves. Low self-esteem students and high self-esteem students appeared significantly different in how they see themselves in 51 of the 53 Q-sort items, but their ideals were significantly different in only 12 items--suggesting that "low self-esteem" is affected more by negative attitude toward self than by higher than average ideals. Almost without exception, high self-esteem students, coping students, internal students, and students with higher grades put positive self-referent items closer to "like me" in the Q-sort than did students with the opposite characteristics. Low self-esteem girls who are defending and have low grades seemed to have very negative self-concepts, and to be using the defense of sensitization. Defending boys with external locus of control and low grades had self-Concepts similar to those of other boys, and seemed to be defending by repression. The findings were related to recent literature on guilt toward parents as a motive for studying in Japan, and to frustrated dependency wishes. The data suggested that the strong emphasis on academic achievement is harming the self-esteem of most of the students in the sample. The results suggest that an attempt to help defending boys with low grades in Japan should focus on helping them become more internal in locus of control. They suggest that attempts to help defending girls with low grades should be concentrated on helping them improve in self-esteem.
College students are subject to a massive input of stresses which require successful and ever-changing coping strategies. These stresses include inside and outside pressures by the world to succeed, financial worries, concerns about uncertain futures, social problems and opportunities since college is often the meeting place for future mates, and homework and tests in multiple and complex subjects requiring preparation and focus with often conflicting priorities. Unsuccessful coping often results in anxiety, heavy drinking, depression and a host of other mental health problems. This new book presents new and important research in this important field.
Explores the nature and manifestations of defense mechanisms--repression, displacement, denial, etc. Traces ego defense theory and research from Freud's initial conceptualization through recent work in object-relations theory and other psychoanalytically-oriented approaches. Renowned contributors provide the rationale for their measurement techniques, describe them in detail, offer reliability and validity data along with illustrations of usefulness.
Interpersonal rejection ranks among the most potent and distressing events that people experience. Romantic rejection, ostracism, stigmatization, job termination, and other kinds of rejections have the power to compromise the quality of people's lives. As a result, people are highly motivated to avoid social rejection, and, indeed, much of human behavior appears to be designed to avoid such experiences. Yet, despite the widespread effects of real, anticipated, and even imagined rejections, psychologists have devoted only passing attention to the topic, and the research on rejection has been scattered throughout a number of psychological subspecialties (e.g., social, clinical, developmental, personality). In the past few years, however, we have seen a surge of interest in the effects of interpersonal rejection on behavior and emotion. The goal of this book is to pull together the contributions of several scholars whose work is on the cutting edge of rejection research, providing a scholarly yet readable overview of recent advances in the area. In doing so, it not only provides a look at the current state of the area but also helps to establish the topic of rejection as an identifiable area for future research. Topics covered in the book include: ostracism, unrequited love, betrayal, stigmatization, rejection sensitivity, rejection and self-esteem, peer rejection in childhood, emotional responses to rejection, and personality moderators of reactions to rejection.