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The World Bank's policy of structural adjustment was analyzed to test the utility of a qualitative technique, textual analysis, for assessing the coherence of the formulation and implementation of public policy. This treatise provides an approach for examining the various components of an articulated policy. It especially evaluates the coherence of the socio-political themes as they were reflected within selected official internal documents used by the Bank during the years 1980-1989, to examine the Bank's policy and general approach as it was exhibited towards the regions of Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The adopted methodology, based upon the sociology of knowledge, developed a cognitively based system for coding verbal protocols or social knowledge (meanings, perceptions, and biases). In practice, the methodology transforms textual information into a set of conceptual maps through the use of computer-assisted techniques. The methodology related social (geographical proximity) within cognitive (Bank loan agreement) data at multiple points in time. The maps were then combined to demonstrate differences and similarities within their shared knowledge. Some of the resulting conclusions were that the World Bank's policy has changed over time and its ideological framework has shifted from an emphasis on basic needs, (1980-1985) and to the encouraging of efficiency and acknowledgment to a reduction of the social costs of adjustment and assistance to vulnerable groups (1985-1989). Attention to individual country political systems, their environment, and their ability to absorb the "shock" and timeliness of the policy's implementation has increased over time; this was reflected within the Bank's efforts to incorporate the input of governments within the process of adjustment, especially in the latter part of the decade. Also, the policy varied as a function of its targeted regions of implementation, yet countries within each region were treated uniquely. When technique is employed in conjunction with quantitative data, such as demographic changes, it can be used to explore potential changes within a country or region through the use of computer simulation. The general approach of data collection, data structuring, and information activity and analysis produced a toolkit for conducting cost-effective and highly valid analyses of qualitative social research.
Our Continent, Our Future presents the emerging African perspective on this complex issue. The authors use as background their own extensive experience and a collection of 30 individual studies, 25 of which were from African economists, to summarize this African perspective and articulate a path for the future. They underscore the need to be sensitive to each country's unique history and current condition. They argue for a broader policy agenda and for a much more active role for the state within what is largely a market economy. Finally, they stress that Africa must, and can, compete in an increasingly globalized world and, perhaps most importantly, that Africans must assume the leading role in defining the continent's development agenda.
Explores the underlying rationale for the approach adopted by the COOPAfrica, a regional technical programme established by the ILO in October 2007, and highlights innovative features in the process of setting up and implementing phase 1 of the programme (2007-2010).
Unless action is taken now to make agriculture more sustainable, productive and resilient, climate change impacts will seriously compromise food production in countries and regions that are already highly food-insecure. The Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015, represents a new beginning in the global effort to stabilize the climate before it is too late. It recognizes the importance of food security in the international response to climate change, as reflected by many countries prominent focus on the agriculture sector in their planned contributions to adaptation and mitigation. To help put those plans into action, this report identifies strategies, financing opportunities, and data and information needs. It also describes transformative policies and institutions that can overcome barriers to implementation. The State of Food and Agriculture is produced annually. Each edition contains an overview of the current global agricultural situation, as well as more in-depth coverage of a topical theme."