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Essay from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, , course: Conversation analysis-Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Conversation analysis (C.A), in general, is characterized by a vast diversity of theoretical beliefs, research practices and findings. Sociologists, sociolinguists, social psychologists, anthropologists, discourse analysts, educators, and many others have come to recognize the relevance of conversation for their respective disciplines. Natural conversation has, thus, become a research site for different explorations, not only because social interaction is to a large extent verbal interaction but also because talk exhibits “orderly” features, which upon analysis, turn out not be features of language but features of interaction.
How far is extra-textual material necessary to ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and contemporary language-oriented social constructivism? That question emerged as the theme of the first international conference of the Discourse Analysis Research Group. It provoked varied and sometimes incompatible responses from those present, including some of the most illustrious scholars currently engaged in the study of naturally occurring talk. This collection of responses highlights disagreements and stimulates debate.
There have been relatively few well-informed, critical assessments of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. This book examines some of the background to these approaches, notably the influence of Schutz and phenomenology. It also compares Garfinkel’s approach with those of Goffman and Simmel, and assesses the influence of Cicourel and conversation analysis on research methodology. The core of the book is an in-depth assessment of the rationale for ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, and of their relationship to mainstream social science. While the importance of the issues that these epistemologically and ontologically radical approaches raise is underlined, a number of fundamental problems are identified with the rationale underpinning them.
Through its empirical inquiries into the ordered properties of social action, this text demonstrates how ethnomethodology provides a radical respecification of the foundations of the human sciences, an achievement that has often been misunderstood.
A study of conversation analysis
Ethnomethodology has an elusive relationship with organisation studies. The ethnomethodological work of Harold Garfinkel, and the allied conversation analytic work of Harvey Sacks, is often cited and yet empirical contributions informed by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis remain rare. Organisation studies clearly has a lot to say about work but this is normally related to some broader set of social, economic and political issues. Rarely, if ever, does this research involve an analysis of the mundane and practical details of what actual work consists of. This book acts as an evidence-based corrective by showing how research based on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis can contribute to key issues and debates in organisation studies. Drawing on audio/video recordings from a diverse range of work settings, a team of leading scholars present a series of empirical studies that illustrate the importance of paying attention to the real-time achievement of organisational processes and practices.
This book is a concise intellectual biography of Harold Garfinkel, a key figure in 20th-century social science. Garfinkel is practically synonymous with ethnomethodology, an approach that since the 1960s has led to major analytic and methodological developments in sociology and other disciplines. This introduction to Garfinkel explores how he developed ethnomethodology under the influence of Talcott Parsons and Alfred Schutz, situates it within sociology generally, and demonstrates its important influence on recent developments in the discipline, particularly the sociology of science and technology, gender studies, organization studies, and the computer sciences. The book will be of wide interest in the social sciences and a useful supplement to courses on intellectual history and methodology.
This work offers a combination of theoretical critique and empirical study. It criticizes Alfred Schutz's discussion of multiple realities, Melvin Pollner's account of reality disjunctures, and Dorothy Smith's textual analysis of a story of a person becoming mentally ill. Cuff examines transcripts of persons talking about marital breakups and a radio program in which a family discusses a problem in the presence of a commentator and experts. The author stresses the temporal development of the presentation and resolution of conflicting versions of events as told by different persons. Contrasting versions are shown to not simply clash or contradict each other but to provide elaborations and alternative ways of describing events. Cuff shows that versions are not rigidly held, and that parties show an awareness of how their versions contribute to an intersubjective conversation. Co-published with the International Institute for Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis.
"This paper aims at contributing to a reflection about the legacy of Harold Garfinkel and the relations between ethnomethodology (EM) and conversation analysis (CA), by focusing on a common concern for both programs: the study of action as methodic (the term is used here in line with the sense of ethnomethodology), i.e. ordered, accountable, recognizable, and reproducible. Both approaches seek to describe the members' (term favored in ethnomethodology) or coparticipants' (term favored in conversation analysis) production, recognition, and reproduction of actions understood as locally situated social achievements. Within this framework, the chapter discusses two key dimensions of methodically produced actions - their situatedness and orderliness - and attempts to show the importance of considering both of them together. This discussion is developed in relation to a more recent trend in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, based on the use of video materials documenting naturally occurring social interactions, permitting the fine-grained scrutinity of the multimodal details of action. Multimodal analysis generates new insights into both the situated and the ordered dimensions of the organization of social action"--
This book revisits the arguments by which Harvey Sacks and Harold Garfinkel opposed the widespread attempt in the social sciences to construct disciplinary theories and methods in place of common-sense knowledge of human action, and proposed instead an alternative that would investigate the organised methods of natural language use and common-sense reasoning that constitute social orders – arguments that led to the establishment and proliferation of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. As the very "constructive analysis" that they opposed has begun to be incorporated into influential lines of research in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, the authors return to the founding insights of the field and reiterate the importance of Garfinkel and Sacks’ original and controversial proposals for an "alternate" sociology of practical action and practical reasoning. Showing how constructive analysis has become entrenched in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis and arguing for a need to "re-boot" these approaches, this volume constitutes a call for a renewal of the radical alternative proposed by Garfinkel and Sacks.