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This book—the first of its kind—presents general methods for feedback controller synthesis and optimization of multiscale systems, illustrating their application to thin-film growth, sputtering processes, and catalytic systems of industrial interest. The authors demonstrate the advantages of the methods presented for control and optimization through extensive simulations. Included in the work are new techniques for feedback controller design and optimization of multiscale process systems that are not included in other books. The book also contains a rich collection of new research topics and references to significant recent work.
Advances in Chemical Engineering was established in 1960 and is the definitive serial in the area. It is one of great importance to organic chemists, polymer chemists, and many biological scientists. Written by established authorities in the field, the comprehensive reviews combine descriptive chemistry and mechanistic insight and yield an understanding of how the chemistry drives the properties. This volume focuses on control and optimisation of process systems. Advances in Chemical Engineering was established in 1960 and is the definitive serial in the area. It is one of great importance to organic chemists, polymer chemists, and many biological scientists Written by established authorities in the field, the comprehensive reviews combine descriptive chemistry and mechanistic insight and yield an understanding of how the chemistry drives the properties Focuses on control and optimization of process systems
This first book to cover all aspects of multi-parametric programming and its applications in process systems engineering includes theoretical developments and algorithms in multi-parametric programming with applications from the manufacturing sector and energy and environment analysis. The volume thus reflects the importance of fundamental research in multi-parametric programming applications, developing mechanisms for the transfer of the new technology to industrial problems. Since the topic applies to a wide range of process systems, as well as due to the interdisciplinary expertise required to solve the challenge, this reference will find a broad readership. Inspired by the leading authority in the field, the Centre for Process Systems Engineering at Imperial College London.
This book presents a comprehensive optimization-based theory and framework that exploits the synergistic interactions and tradeoffs between process design and operational decisions that span different time scales. Conventional methods in the process industry often isolate decision making mechanisms with a hierarchical information flow to achieve tractable problems, risking suboptimal, even infeasible operations. In this book, foundations of a systematic model-based strategy for simultaneous process design, scheduling, and control optimization is detailed to achieve reduced cost and improved energy consumption in process systems. The material covered in this book is well suited for the use of industrial practitioners, academics, and researchers. In Chapter 1, a historical perspective on the milestones in model-based design optimization techniques is presented along with an overview of the state-of-the-art mathematical tools to solve the resulting complex problems. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss two fundamental concepts that are essential for the reader. These concepts are (i) mixed integer dynamic optimization problems and two algorithms to solve this class of optimization problems, and (ii) developing a model based multiparametric programming model predictive control. These tools are used to systematically evaluate the tradeoffs between different time-scale decisions based on a single high-fidelity model, as demonstrated on (i) design and control, (ii) scheduling and control, and (iii) design, scheduling, and control problems. We present illustrative examples on chemical processing units, including continuous stirred tank reactors, distillation columns, and combined heat and power regeneration units, along with discussions of other relevant work in the literature for each class of problems.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Process Systems Engineering offers a broad perspective on the issues related to artificial intelligence technologies and their applications in chemical and process engineering. The book comprehensively introduces the methodology and applications of AI technologies in process systems engineering, making it an indispensable reference for researchers and students. As chemical processes and systems are usually non-linear and complex, thus making it challenging to apply AI methods and technologies, this book is an ideal resource on emerging areas such as cloud computing, big data, the industrial Internet of Things and deep learning. With process systems engineering's potential to become one of the driving forces for the development of AI technologies, this book covers all the right bases. Explains the concept of machine learning, deep learning and state-of-the-art intelligent algorithms Discusses AI-based applications in process modeling and simulation, process integration and optimization, process control, and fault detection and diagnosis Gives direction to future development trends of AI technologies in chemical and process engineering
Microelectronic market imposes tight requirements upon thin film properties, including specific growth rate, surface roughness and thickness of the film. In the thin film deposition process, the microscopic events determine the configuration of the thin film surface while manipulating variables at the macroscopic level, such as bulk precursor mole fraction and substrate temperature, are essential to product quality. Despite the extensive body of research on control and optimization in this process, there is still a significant discrepancy between the expected performance and the actual yield that can be accomplished employing existing methodologies. This gap is mainly related to the complexities associated with the multiscale nature of the thin film deposition process, lack of practical online in-situ sensors at the fine-scale level, and uncertainties in the mechanisms and parameters of the system. The main goal of this research is developing robust control and optimization strategies for this process while uncertainty analysis is performed using power series expansion (PSE). The deposition process is a batch process where the measurements are available at the end of the batch; accordingly, optimization and control approaches that do not need to access online fine-scale measurements are required. In this research, offline optimization is performed to obtain the optimal temperature profile that results in specific product quality characteristics in the presence of model-plant mismatch. To provide a computationally tractable optimization, the sensitivities in PSEs are numerically evaluated using reduced-order lattices in the KMC models. A comparison between bounded and distributional parametric uncertainties has illustrated that inaccurate assumption for uncertainty description can lead to economic losses in the process. To accelerate the sensitivity analysis of the process, an algorithm has been presented to determine the upper and lower bounds on the outputs through distributions of the microscopic events. In this approach, the sensitivities in the series expansions of events are analytically evaluated. Current multiscale models are not available in closed-form and are computationally prohibitive for online applications. Thus, closed-form models have been developed in this research to predict the control objectives efficiently for online control applications in the presence of model-plant mismatch. The robust performance is quantified by estimates of the distributions of the controlled variables employing PSEs. Since these models can efficiently predict the controlled outputs, they can either be used as an estimator for feedback control purposes in the lack of sensors, or as a basis to design a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) framework. Although the recently introduced optical in-situ sensors have motivated the development of feedback control in the thin film deposition process, their application is still limited in practice. Thus, a multivariable robust estimator has been developed to estimate the surface roughness and growth rate based on the substrate temperature and bulk precursor mole fraction. To ensure that the control objective is met in the presence of model-plant mismatch, the robust estimator is designed such that it predicts the upper bound on the process output. The estimator is coupled with traditional feedback controllers to provide a robust feedback control in the lack of online measurements. In addition, a robust NMPC application for the thin film deposition process was developed. The NMPC makes use of closed-from models, which has been identified offline to predict the controlled outputs at a predefined specific probability. The shrinking horizon NMPC minimizes the final roughness, while satisfying the constraints on the control actions and film thickness at the end of the deposition process. Since the identification is performed for a fixed confidence level, hard constraints are defined for thin film properties. To improve the robust performance of NMPC using soft constraints, a closed-form model has been developed to estimate the first and second- order statistical moments of the thin film properties under uncertainty in the multiscale model parameters. Employing this model, the surface roughness and film thickness can be estimated at a desired probability limit during the deposition. Thus, an NMPC framework is devised that successfully minimizes the surface roughness at the end of the batch, while the film thickness meets a minimum specification at a desired probability. Therefore, the methods developed in this research enable accurate online control of the key properties of a multiscale system in the presence of model-plant mismatch.
Synthesis and Operability Strategies for Computer-Aided Modular Process intensification presents state-of-the-art methodological developments and real-world applications for computer-aided process modeling, optimization and control, with a particular interest on process intensification systems. Each chapter consists of basic principles, model formulation, solution algorithm, and step-by-step implementation guidance on key procedures. Sections cover an overview on the current status of process intensification technologies, including challenges and opportunities, detail process synthesis, design and optimization, the operation of intensified processes under uncertainty, and the integration of design, operability and control. Advanced operability analysis, inherent safety analysis, and model-based control strategies developed in the community of process systems engineering are also introduced to assess process operational performance at the early design stage. Includes a survey of recent advances in modeling, optimization and control of process intensification systems Presents a modular synthesis approach for process design, integration and material selection in intensified process systems Provides advanced process operability, inherent safety tactics, and model-based control analysis approaches for the evaluation of process operational performance at the conceptual design stage Highlights a systematic framework for multiscale process design intensification integrated with operability and control Includes real-word application examples on intensified reaction and/or separation systems with targeted cost, energy and sustainability improvements