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Cette thèse concerne l'étude et le développement d'une architecture logicielle d'un système de vision pour le guidage d'un robot mobile dans un milieu extérieur. Ce système est composé de différents modules assurant chacun une tache spécifique, et l'ensemble des taches est coordonné par un module central jouant le rôle de superviseur. Dans cette étude, l'accent est principalement mis sur le module d'analyse de scène qui est basé sur un algorithme de détection des éléments linéaires dans l'image numérique. Ce module est fonctionnel sous deux modes différents: la phase initiale qui consiste en un traitement de l'image entière pour initialiser la navigation, et la phase de suivi continu qui assure le traitement sur des fenêtres extraites des images prises périodiquement. Pour diminuer le risque d'erreur lié à ce type de technique, une carte détaillée de l'environnement à été établie dans le but de réaliser une prédiction de scène à partir de données visuelles. La scène est utilisée pour valider les éléments détectés au niveau du module de la base de connaissance. Ce dernier établit un raisonnement à partir des informations acquises et prédites pour construire un modèle de la scène. Le module de pilotage génère à partir de ce modèle une trajectoire constituée d'une suite de segments de droite qui sont ensuite interprétés séquentiellement par le dispositif de navigation
La problématique de cette thèse réside dans le guidage automatique de robots mobiles évoluant en milieu naturel. Elle s'attache en particulier au suivi de trajectoire pour les véhicules roulant sur des sols dotés d'une faible adhérence, avec comme cadre expérimental privilégié, le guidage d'engins agricoles par GPS. Dans ces conditions, l'hypothèse de roulement pur sans glissement ne peut s'appliquer. Cette thèse propose un algorithme de commande global, exploitant trois domaines connexes de la robotique : la modélisation, la perception et la commande. Deux modèles cinématiques étendus sont d'abord proposés afin de caractériser la dynamique du véhicule -intégrant les glissements - tout en conservant une architecture cinématique. Un observateur capable d'estimer en temps réel l'adhérence est utilisé pour alimenter les modèles. Enfin des lois de commande adaptatives et prédictives permettent d'assurer un suivi de trajectoire précis (+-15 cm), validé par de nombreuses expérimentations
This book includes papers presented at the Second International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICEERE 2020), which focus on the application of artificial intelligence techniques, emerging technology and the Internet of things in electrical and renewable energy systems, including hybrid systems, micro-grids, networking, smart health applications, smart grid, mechatronics and electric vehicles. It particularly focuses on new renewable energy technologies for agricultural and rural areas to promote the development of the Euro-Mediterranean region. Given its scope, the book is of interest to graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers working in the fields of electronic engineering and renewable energy.
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel are some of the most highly trained people in the military, with a job description that spans defusing unexploded ordnance to protecting VIP’s and state dignitaries. EOD are also one of the first military groups to work with robots every day. These robots have become an increasingly important tool in EOD work, enabling people to work at safer distances in many dangerous situations. Based on exploratory research investigating interactions between EOD personnel and the robots they use, this study richly describes the nuances of these reciprocal influences, especially those related to operator emotion associated with the robots. In particular, this book examines the activities, processes and contexts that influence or constrain everyday EOD human-robot interactions, what human factors are shaping the (robotic) technology and how people and culture are being changed by using it. The findings from this research have implications for future personnel training, and the refinement of robot design considerations for many fields that rely on critical small group communication and decision-making skills.
This book examines how the computer, as we currently know it, will be replaced by a new generation of technologies, moving computing off the desktop and ultimately integrating it with real world objects and everyday environments. It provides a unique combination of concepts, methods and prototypes of ubiquitous and pervasive computing reflecting the current interest in smart environments and ambient intelligence.