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L'UN DES DEFIS MAJEURS AUXQUELS DOIVENT FAIRE FACE LES ENTREPRISES EST LA MISE SUR LE MARCHE D'UN PRODUIT OU D'UNE FAMILLE DE PRODUITS DANS UN DELAI LE PLUS BREF POSSIBLE. L'UNE DES SOLUTIONS CONSISTE A PRENDRE EN COMPTE DEPUIS LA CONCEPTION DU PRODUIT LES CONTRAINTES VENANT DES SYSTEMES DE FABRICATION, AFIN DE CONCEVOIR UN PRODUIT QUI DEMANDE UN MINIMUM D'INVESTISSEMENT EN CE QUI CONCERNE LES SYSTEMES. PARTANT DE LA REMARQUE QU'UN NOUVEAU PRODUIT EST EN GENERAL UNE EVOLUTION D'UN PRODUIT EXISTANT, NOUS ESSAYONS DE REUTILISER LE SYSTEME D'ASSEMBLAGE POUR ASSEMBLER LE NOUVEAU PRODUIT AFIN DE REDUIRE SON CYCLE DE CONCEPTION. NOUS PROPOSONS UNE NOUVELLE DEMARCHE D'EVALUATION DU NOUVEAU PRODUIT FONDEE SUR LA CAPITALISATION DES CONNAISSANCES CONCERNANT LE COUPLE PRODUIT-SYSTEME EXISTANT. LA PREMIERE ETAPE CONSISTE DONC A IDENTIFIER, PARMI TOUTES LES INFORMATIONS ASSOCIEES AU COUPLE PRODUIT-SYSTEME, LES CONNAISSANCES INTERESSANTES DU POINT DE VUE DE L'ASSEMBLAGE, ET A PROPOSER UN MODELE INTITULE MODELE PRODUIT-GAMME-SYSTEME POUR CAPITALISER CES CONNAISSANCES. LE MODELE EST REPRESENTE SOUS TROIS FORMES : LA FORME ENSEMBLISTE, LA FORME GRAPHIQUE ET LA FORME UTILISANT LE MODELE ENTITE RELATION. LA DEUXIEME ETAPE CONSISTE A IDENTIFIER LES CAS D'EVOLUTION DE PRODUIT TRAITABLES PAR NOTRE DEMARCHE ET A PROPOSER UN ENSEMBLE DE MODULES SUPPORTANT NOTRE DEMARCHE D'EVALUATION. LES CRITERES PRIS EN COMPTE DANS NOTRE EVALUATION SONT LES CHANGEMENTS D'OUTILS ET LES AMENAGEMENTS DU SYSTEME. UNE EXTENSION DU MODELE PRODUIT-GAMME-SYSTEME AU CAS D'UNE FAMILLE DE PRODUITS EST AUSSI PROPOSEE. L'IDEE EST DE PROPOSER UNE STRUCTURATION DES INFORMATIONS CONCERNANT L'ENSEMBLE DES PRODUITS-GAMME-SYSTEME SELON UN MODELE ORIENTE OBJET, AFIN D'EVALUER LE PLUS TOT POSSIBLE UN NOUVEAU PRODUIT APPARTENANT A LA MEME FAMILLE. UNE GRAMMAIRE PLEX ENRICHIE EST AUSSI ELABOREE POUR REPRESENTER D'UNE MANIERE CONDENSEE L'ENSEMBLE DES GRAPHES ASSOCIES A CHAQUE PRODUIT DE LA FAMILLE.
Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire est à la fois une contribution au domaine du génie mécanique par l’intermédiaire du grenaillage de précontrainte et au domaine de la gestion des connaissances. Le travail a consisté d’une part à analyser certaines méthodes issues de l’ingénierie des connaissances (MASK, CommonKADS, KOD, REX, MEREX...) ainsi qu’un certain nombre de « langages » de modélisation (UML, IDEFO, GRAFCET...) et d’autre part à mettre en œuvre ceux qui nous ont paru les plus pertinents pour formaliser et capitaliser un ensemble de connaissances issues du domaine du grenaillage de précontrainte. Cette mise en application montre qu’il est possible de capitaliser des connaissances du génie mécanique grâce à des méthodes génériques via quelques adaptations des modèles utilisés pour les différents points de vue de la connaissance. Le livre de connaissance présenté au travers des annexes permet d’illustrer les connaissances capitalisées dans les différents points de vue retenus
This book presents recent advances in the integration and the optimization of product design and manufacturing systems. The book is divided into 3 chapters corresponding to the following three main topics : - optimization of product design process (mechanical design process, mass customization, modeling the product representation, computer support for engineering design, support systems for tolerancing, simulation and optimization tools for structures and for mechanisms and robots), -optimization of manufacturing systems (multi-criteria optimization and fuzzy volumes, tooth path generation, machine-tools behavior, surface integrity and precision, process simulation), - methodological aspects of integrated design and manufacturing (solid modeling, collaborative tools and knowledge formalization, integrating product and process design and innovation, robust and reliable design, multi-agent approach in VR environment). The present book is of interest to engineers, researchers, academic staff, and postgraduate students interested in integrated design and manufacturing in mechanical engineering.
Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
The first Digital Enterprise Technology (DET) International Conference was held in Durham, UK in 2002 and the second DET Conference in Seattle, USA in 2004. Sponsored by CIRP (College International pour la Recherche en Productique), the third DET Conference took place in Setúbal, Portugal in 2006. Digital Enterprise Technology: Perspectives and Future Challenges is an edited volume based on this conference. Topics include: distributed and collaborative design, process modeling and process planning, advanced factory equipment and layout design and modeling, physical-to-digital environment integrators, enterprise integration technologies, and entrepreneurship in DET.
It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
This book gives a comprehensive view of the most recent major international research in the field of tolerancing, and is an excellent resource for anyone interested in Computer Aided Tolerating. It is organized into 4 parts. Part 1 focuses on the more general problems of tolerance analysis and synthesis, for tolerancing in mechanical design and manufacturing processes. Part 2 specifically highlights the simulation of assembly with defects, and the influence of tolerances on the quality of the assembly. Part 3 deals with measurement aspects, and quality control throughout the life cycle. Different measurement technologies and methods for estimating uncertainty are considered. In Part 4, different aspects of tolerancing and their interactions are explored, from the definition of functional requirement to measurement processes in a PLM approach.
This Open Access book presents feedback from the ‘Territorial Agroecological Transition in Action’- TATA-BOX research project, which was devoted to these specific issues. The multidisciplinary and multi-organisation research team steered a four-year action-research process in two territories of France. It also presents: i) the key dimensions to be considered when dealing with agroecological transition: diversity of agriculture models, management of uncertainties, polycentric governance, autonomies, and role of actors’ networks; ii) an operational and original participatory process and associated boundary tools to support local stakeholders in shifting from a shared diagnosis to a shared action plan for transition, and in so doing developing mutual understanding and involvement; iii) an analysis of the main effects of the methodology on research organisation and on stakeholders’ development and application; iv) critical analysis and foresights on the main outcomes of TATA-BOX, provided by external researchers.
Competent communication in everyday life; Approaches to the conceptualization of competence; Competence in communicatting: a criting of issues; Model of relational competence; Implications and future directions.
This innovative book takes seriously the ordinary activities of entrepreneurship and maps out new pathways for scholars to understand the nature, properties, and implications of studying practices for entrepreneurship studies. Entrepreneurship is neither an art nor a science, but a bundle of practices, as Peter Drucker once observed. Curiously however, academic research on entrepreneurship mostly abstracts away from practical activity. In contrast, Entrepreneurship As Practice takes ordinary activities of entrepreneurship seriously by mapping out new pathways for scholars to consider the everyday practices through which entrepreneurship occurs. Each chapter draws on contemporary theories of practice to illuminate the nature, properties, and implications of studying the practices of entrepreneurship. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Entrepreneurship & Regional Development.