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Transcript of papers presented during a workshop held at Mussorie from 15-16 March, 2007.
This work examines the nature of agrarian contracts. Agricultural land tenancy and farm labor are basic institutions binding the life and work of billions of people in the Third World. Issues of efficiency and equity associated with a particular form of contract--such as sharecropping--are not merely of academic interest, but have critical bearing on land tenure reform as well as innovations in credit and marketing institutions in agrarian economies. There have been major controversies surrounding the role of land tenure in agricultural and rural development, with much confusion arising from only partial and separate treatments of land and labor contracts. Through a comprehensive critical survey of existing literature, Hayami and Otsuka present a general theory of agrarian contracts by integrating land and labor contracts. Insights from the scrutiny of agrarian contracts are of relevance to industrial organization and management in developed economies as well as to the study of these fields.
The information in this booklet is designed to assist governments and civil society in understanding how agricultural leasing and related agreements work, and what the advantages are of providing an appropriate framework for equitable arrangements that balance the interests of the parties involved - generally the tenant and the landowner. The guidelines therefore deal with the contextual and policy issues surrounding agricultural leasing, but also focus on providing a practical and up-to-date guide and commentary on those issues that need to be considered by both landlord and tenant when negotiating over the leasing of agricultural land.
Revised version of papers presented at the National Workshop on Land Markets and Rural Poverty, held at Mussoorie during 10-11 August 2004.
FAO’s previous contribution to the development of contract farming saw the publication in 2015 of the UNIDROIT/FAO/IFAD Legal Guide on Contract Farming, which focused on the bilateral relationship between an agricultural producer and a contractor. This Legislative Study develops that research and focuses on the regulatory frameworks for contract farming, aiming to highlight different possible approaches for different contexts. Responsible contract farming can be a powerful tool for small scale farmers in developing countries to move towards larger scalecommercial production. It can create economic wealth, contribute to supply chain efficiency through the production of higher quantities of better quality products, and contribute to achieving domestic food security objectives. Maximizing these benefits while minimizing the inherent risks of contract farming is reliant upon the forging of an enabling environment, a key part of which is the domestic regulatory framework. This Legislative Study provides guidance to domestic regulators and other interested readers on how to appraise and potentially reform domestic regulatory frameworks to achieve responsible contract farming. Recognising that different countries and contextual realties may benefit from different regulatory solutions, this Study provides several examples, supported by representative case studies, on how contract farming can be regulated, without promoting a single solution as the most appropriate. Please visit FAO’s Contract Farming Resource Centre, http://www.fao.org/in-action/contract-farming/en/, which is a regularly updated website hosting a variety of material on contract farming both from FAO and from other recognized authors.
Interest in contract farming is growing, especially in countries that previously had a central planning policy. The purpose of this guide is to provide advice to existing contract farming companies on how they can improve their operations and to those thinking of starting such companies on the preconditions of success.
Your farm lease -- Was its full meaning understood before it was signed? Is it fair to both parties? Does it give the tenant a reasonable opportunity to make a comfortable living and to get ahead? Does it require proper and conservative care of the premises leased?Are all desired reservations to the lease made? Are the things stated which each party is to do and to contribute? Does it define the relations hip between landlord and tenant and provide for the settlement of differences of opinion? Does it contain a statement of the procedure to be followed when the relationship of landlord and tenant is to be terminated? Does it contain the following essentials to a legally complete lease? 1. The date it was made. 2. The names and the final signatures of the contracting parties. 3. The period of for which the lease is to run. 4. A description of the property lease. 5. An agreement in respect to the amount of rent to be paid and the time and the place where it is to be paid.
Wracked by poverty, famine, and drought, Africa is typically represented as agriculturally stagnant, backward, and crisis-prone. Living Under Contract, however, highlights the dynamic, changing character of sub-Saharan agrarian systems by focusing on contract farming. A relatively new and increasingly widespread way of organizing peasant agriculture, contract farming promotes production of a wide variety of crops--from flowers to cocoa, from fresh vegetables to rice--under contract to agribusinesses, exporters, and processers. The proliferation of African growers producing under contract is in fact part of broader changes in the global agro-food system. In this examination of agricultural restructuring and its effect upon various African societies, editors Peter Little and Michael Watts bring together anthropologists, economists, geographers, political scientists, and sociologists to explore the origins, forms, and consequences of contract production in several African countries, particularly Kenya, the Gambia, Zimbabwe, and the Ivory Coast. Documenting how contract production links farmers, agribusiness, and the state, the contributors examine problematic aspects of this method of agrarian reform. Their case studies, based on long-term field work and analysis on the village and household level, chart the complex effects of contract production on the organization of work and the labor process, rural inequality, gender relations, labor markets, local accumulation strategies, and regional development. Living Under Contract reveals that contract farming represents a distinctive form in which African growers are incorporated into national and world markets. Contract production, which has been a central feature of the agricultural landscape in the advanced capitalist states, is an emerging strategy for "capturing peasants" and for confronting the agrarian question in the late twentieth century.