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This book presents a short introduction to the historical background to the field, the state of the art and a brief survey of the available instrumentation and the processing techniques used. The following major areas of interest in synthetic, organic and medicinal chemistry are elaborated on: transition-metal catalyzed reactions, organocatalytic transformations, heterocyclic synthesis, and photochemical reactions. Finally, selected applications in industry are also discussed. With its ample presentation of examples from recent literature, this is an essential and reliable source of information for both experienced researchers and postgraduate newcomers to the field.
The aim of this work is to convey the practice, power, and potential of flow chemistry to a larger audience. An emerging and strengthening trend is that flow chemistry is much more than the adaption of batch processes to flow systems. Rather, flow chemistry offers a new paradigm in the way we think about chemical synthesis. This volume demonstrates the enabling power of continuous flow to access new reaction types and different chemistry space and, to this end, it has been compiled by a team of pioneers and leaders, who present both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field. Included are the principles of reactor design, automation, and separations/purifications in flow systems, applications in photochemistry, electrochemistry, gaseous systems, immobilized reagents and catalysts, and multistep processes. The synthesis of peptides, carbohydrates, and pharmaceuticals is covered and several chapters give insight into the use of flow in an industrial context.
Industrial Gas Turbines: Performance and Operability explains important aspects of gas turbine performance such as performance deterioration, service life and engine emissions. Traditionally, gas turbine performance has been taught from a design perspective with insufficient attention paid to the operational issues of a specific site. Operators are not always sufficiently familiar with engine performance issues to resolve operational problems and optimise performance.Industrial Gas Turbines: Performance and Operability discusses the key factors determining the performance of compressors, turbines, combustion and engine controls. An accompanying engine simulator CD illustrates gas turbine performance from the perspective of the operator, building on the concepts discussed in the text. The simulator is effectively a virtual engine and can be subjected to operating conditions that would be dangerous and damaging to an engine in real-life conditions. It also deals with issues of engine deterioration, emissions and turbine life. The combined use of text and simulators is designed to allow the reader to better understand and optimise gas turbine operation. Discusses the key factors in determining the perfomance of compressors, turbines, combustion and engine controls Explains important aspects of gas and turbine perfomance such as service life and engine emissions Accompanied by CD illustrating gas turbine performance, building on the concepts discussed in the text
Nontraditional Activation Methods in Green and Sustainable Applications: Microwaves; Ultrasounds; Photo-, Electro- and Mechan-ochemistry and High Hydrostatic Pressure provides a broad overview of non-traditional activation methods to help readers identify and use appropriate approaches in reducing the environmental impact of their work. Sections discuss the fundamental principles of each method and provide examples of their practical use, illustrating their usefulness. Given the importance of expanding laboratory based technologies to the industrial level, chapters that cover both existing and potential industrial and environmental applications are also included. Highlighting the usefulness and adaptability of these methods for a range of practical applications, this book is a practical guide for both those involved with the design and application of synthetic methodologies and those interested in the implementation and impact of green chemistry principles in practice, from synthetic and medicinal chemists, to food developers and environmental policy planners. Discusses, and critically assesses, the advantages of non-traditional activation methods in green and sustainable chemistry applications Features individual chapters written by renowned experts in the field Contains extensive, state-of-the-art reference sections, providing critically filtered information to readers
This book is a hands-on guide for the organic chemist. Focusing on the most reliable and useful reactions, the chapter authors provide the information necessary for a chemist to strategically plan a synthesis, as well as repeat the procedures in the laboratory. Consolidates all the key advances/concepts in one book, covering the most important reactions in organic chemistry, including substitutions, additions, eliminations, rearrangements, oxidations, reductions Highlights the most important reactions, addressing basic principles, advantages/disadvantages of the methodology, mechanism, and techniques for achieving laboratory success Features new content on recent advances in CH activation, photoredox and electrochemistry, continuous chemistry, and application of biocatalysis in synthesis Revamps chapters to include new and additional examples of chemistry that have been demonstrated at a practical scale
Continuous-flow photochemistry is an expanding field within chemistry. It unites the mass transfer enhancement of flow chemistry with the high energy field density of microscale geometries. Moreover, it provides means to scale photochemical reactions efficiently.This book gives an overview of both technological and chemical aspects associated with photochemical processes in microreactors. It provides analysis, the first of its kind, of these new technologies developed within the field of photochemical processes, with a description and case studies of practical implementation. It specifically looks at:By providing a deeper understanding of underlying concepts, coupled with numerous examples, this book is an essential reference for chemistry students, researchers and professionals working on photochemistry, photoredox catalysis, flow chemistry, process chemistry and reactor engineering.
While continuous processes have found widespread application within chemical production, members of the research and development communities have historically favored the centuries old technique of iterative batch reactions. With the exception of combinatorial and microwave chemistry, little had been done to change the way that synthetic chemists c
The chemical industry is essential in the daily humn life of modern society; despite the misconception about the real need for chemical production, everyone enjoys the benefit of the chemical progress. However, the chemical industry generates a large variety of products, including (i) basic chemicals, e.g., polymers, petrochemicals, and basic inorganics; (ii) specialty chemicals for crop protection, paints, inks, colorants, textiles, paper, and engineering; and (iii) consumer chemicals, including detergents, soaps, etc. For these reasons, chemists in both acdemia and industry are challenged with developing green and sustainable chemical production towrad the full-recycling of feedstocks and waste. Aiming to improve the intensification of the process, chemists have established chemical reactions based on catalysis, as well as alternative technologies, such as continuous flow. The aim of this book is to cover promising recent research and novel trends in the field of novel catalytic reactions (homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic, as well as their combinations) in continuous flow conditions. A collection of recent contribution for conversion of starting material originated from petroleum resources or biomass into highly-added value chemicals are reported.