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Despite changes in sovereignty and in religious thought, certain aspects of Iranian culture and identity have persisted since antiquity. Drawing on an exploration of history, religion and literature to define Iranian cultural identity and link the Persian past with more recent cultural and political phenomena, this book examines the history of Iran from its ancient roots to the Islamic period, paying particular attention to pre-Islamic Persian religions and their influence upon later Muslim practices and precepts in Iran. Accessible English translations of the pre-Islamic Andarz (Advice) literature and of the Adab (Counsel) genre of the Islamic era illustrate the convergence of religion and literature in Iranian culture and how the explicitly religious Adab texts were very much influenced and shaped by the Andarz sources. Within the context of this historical material, and in particular the pre-Islamic religious material, the author highlights its literary and ethical implications on post-Islamic Iranian identity. Exploring the link between a consistent pre-Islamic Iranian identity and a unique post-Islamic one, this book will be of interest to students of Iranian Studies, Middle Eastern studies and Religious Studies, as well as anyone wishing to learn more about Persian history and culture.
Iran's long history and complex cultural legacy have generated animated debates about a homogenous Iranian identity in the face of ethnic, linguistic and communal diversity. The volume examines the fluid boundaries of pre-modern identity in history and literature as well as the shaping of Iranian national identity in the 20th century.
This book examines how, through the mediation of past history and current cultural and professional experience, selected Iranian professionals who came to the United States after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, created new identities and possibilities for the future. The stories and experiences of these individuals speak of elements that have contributed to Iranians' view of themselves and their relationship with one another. The study touches upon the conflict between Iranians' national/cultural and religious identities and explains how individuals' understanding of power and capacity to act is interrelated with the sequences, continuity, and preservation of historical events. Furthermore, it describes how, through interpretation and re-interpretation of narratives, individuals and communities can reflect upon their understanding and ownership of power and make changes that reconnect and empower them in the future. The power of narrative is a medium to initiate a long overdue dialogue amongst Iranians that could help heal the history of a thousand years.
Shaped by the experiences of the Iranian Revolution, Iranian-American autobiographers use this chaotic past to tell their current stories in the United States. Wagenknecht analyzes a wide range of such writing and draws new conclusions about migration, exile, and life between different and often clashing cultures.
Throughout modern Iranian history, culture has served as a means of imposing unity and cohesion onto society. The Pahlavi monarchs used it to project an image of Iran as an ancient civilisation, re-emerging as an equal to Western nations, while the revolutionaries deployed it to remake the country into an Islamic nation. Just as Iranian culture has been continually re-interpreted, the representations and avocations of Iranian identity vary amongst Iranians across the world. Iranian Culture: Representation and Identity demonstrates these fissures and the incompatibilities that refuse to be written out of national culture, analysing works of literature, popular music, graphic art and film, as well as oral narratives. Using works produced before and after the 1979 revolution, created both inside and outside of Iran, this study reveals neglected complexities and contradictions in the field of Iranian cultural production. It considers how contested claims to culture, whether they originated in Iran or the Iranian diaspora, shape our understanding of this culture and what spaces they create for new articulations of it, and in doing so offers an important re-examination of our collective concept of culture. This book would be an excellent resource for students and scholars of Middle East Studies and Iranian Studies, specifically Iranian culture including film and contemporary literature and the Iranian diaspora.
Personal and collective identities are transformed by processes of dispersion from a homeland. I argue that the meanings dispersed individuals attach to experiences and events and the ways that they imagine personal and national identity are re-narrated and re-imagined in the new social contexts of societies of settlement. In the cases of migrants and dispersed individuals that maintain antagonistic relationships with their homeland regimes, I further argue that processes of identity formation are complicated by the additional challenges of articulating and representing a collective identity that creates distance from stigmatizing associations with the homeland regime. This research uses multiple qualitative methods to compare the identity narratives of first-generation Iranians in Los Angeles and Toronto engaged with local Iranian communities. Because most dispersed Iranians in North America left Iran in the aftermath of a revolution and continue to express hostility toward the Islamic Republic of Iran, they provide an ideal case for this research. My findings indicate that Iranians in both cities are neither selectively assimilating nor retaining identities unaltered by experiences of dispersion. Instead, interview participants expressed strong attachments to the Iranian nation and distance from the Iranian state. This suggests the formation of new identity narratives synthesized from pre-dispersion class and political backgrounds and post-dispersion social contexts. In Los Angeles, the dominance of pre-revolutionary elites and hostile social contexts of reception have encouraged the formation of a hegemonic identity narrative emphasizing secular and pre-Islamic dimensions of Iranian culture. In contrast, the diverse sociopolitical backgrounds of Iranians in Toronto and a social context in which Iranian nationality is less tarnished have produced a pluralist atmosphere in which dissimilar identities exist without a dominant narrative. In both cities there was a shared narrative of distance from the Islamic dimensions of Iranian cultural identity which stems, in part, from continuing antagonistic relationships with the Islamic Republic of Iran. These findings indicate that a narrative approach can usefully reframe the study of personal and collective identities among dispersed groups to reveal both continuities with pre-existing positionalities as well as responsiveness to changing social contexts. Furthermore, a comparative approach focuses attention on the role of social contexts in the shaping of divergent identities within a single national-origin group. Finally, this research provides a framework for analyzing the unique positionality of dispersed groups with hostile relationships to their homeland states seeking to articulate alternative visions of collective national identity.