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The United States is entering a new era of progressive state citizenship, with California leading the way. A growing number of states are providing expanded rights to undocumented immigrants that challenge conventional understandings of citizenship as binary, unidimensional, and exclusively national. In Citizenship Reimagined, Allan Colbern and S. Karthick Ramakrishnan develop a precise framework for understanding and measuring citizenship as expansive, multi-dimensional, and federated - broader than legal status and firmly grounded in the provision of rights. Placing today's immigration battles in historical context, they show that today's progressive state citizenship is not unprecedented: US states have been leaders in rights expansion since America's founding, including over the fight for black citizenship and women's suffrage. The book invites readers to rethink how American federalism relates to minority rights and how state laws regulating undocumented residents can coexist with federal exclusivity over immigration law.
The whole idea of citizenship with respect to its place in the history of the U.S. is brought into play in this case study, which argues that obligations and moral conduct, as integral elements of citizenship, merit greater attention than has been accorded them. The basic issues surrounding the citizenship concept are examined as to how it developed; what American statutory and constitutional provisions were relevant; and how the courts and administrative bodies interpreted those provisions. Also explored are issues such as: Why is citizenship important, and why is American citizenship viewed as a precious possession? Has the development of American citizenship been in step with the U.S. system of government? What has been the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in that development? Its 1967 ruling in Afroyim v. Rusk was the Court's leading case. For the first time, the Court held that Congress lacked the power of involuntary expatriation, that citizenship is a constitutional right under the Fourteenth Amendment, and that all the U.S. government can do is formally recognize an individual's voluntary renunciation or abandonment of citizenship. The argument in this study is that the Eighth Amendment, rather than the Fourteenth, would have provided not only a stronger base on which to rest the Afroyim decision, but would have supplied it with a moral dimension as well. The book details the expatriation case of Margaret J. Randall, prominent in academic and literary circles.