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Congo, Democratic Republic Business Law Handbook - Strategic Information and Basic Laws
With a critical brush, this study depicts the history, the legal basis, the financial aspects and more generally the complicated process of decentralization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), from the colonial days (1908-1960) to the provincial elections held in December 2018. A recurrent fixture of institutional design throughout the country's turbulent history, decentralization constitutes one of the most ambitious projects of the 2006 Congolese Constitution and certainly one of the most challenging areas of administrative law in the DRC. Short of a federal state, the DRC is in terms of Constitution a highly decentralized state. The Constitution divides the former 11 provinces into 26 new territorial units.However, the process has hit a slew of difficult hurdles. Overall, it emerges that the rolling out of the decentralization policy and its timing have been significantly driven by political calculations more than resource constraints, recently by an attempt by the ruling government to divide provinces into smaller ones in order to prolong its rule.Even after the effective partition of the 11 former provinces, the process still suffers further complications, for example, delays and logistic problems in electing new governors in 2015, which in turn led to litigation before the Constitutional Court in September that year. These difficulties take place in a broader context of even greater challenges. The latter include insufficient capacity of provincial administrators, fiscal decentralization, the questionable economic viability of most provinces, and repeated internal wrangling that has already culminated in the removal or resignation of governors in several provinces.The trials and tribulations of decentralization in Africa's second largest country - and one of its most populous, least developed yet resource-richest countries - will enlighten experts and policy makers in other countries. This case study straddles the fields of law, politics and history. It can thus considerably serve constitutional lawyers, policy makers and historians in other countries.
The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo looks back at the nearly 48 years of independence, over a century of colonial rule, and even earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the territory. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 800 cross-referenced dictionary entries on civil wars, mutinies, notable people, places, events, and cultural practices.
Why did the democratic experiment launched in the Republic of Congo in 1991 fail so dramatically in 1997? Why has it not been seriously resumed since then? This book provides an analysis of more than fifteen years of Congolese politics. It explores a series of logical hypotheses regarding why democracy failed to take root in Congo.
The name Democratic Republic of the Congo is a misnomer: the country has never been truly democratic or a republic. For decades this country in central Africa, which was once known as Zaire, was ruled by a brutal and corrupt dictator, Mobutu Sese Seko. Since the mid-1990s, when Mobutu's government was overthrown, various groups within Congo have been fighting for power. Although a peace agreement was signed in 2003 and a new constitution adopted in 2006, fighting has continued in the eastern part of the country. Overall, the Second Congo War involved nine African nations and caused more than 5.4 million deaths, making it the deadliest conflict since World War II. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the second-largest country in Africa and possesses a wealth of natural resources. However, the government still has no control over large areas of the country, and the years of fighting have devastated the economy. Although the prospects for peace have improved, it will take years for Congo to fully recover from its devastating civil war.
The Democratic Republic of Congo-background to the war-peace and the power-sharing agreements-the Transitional Constitution and its characteristics-institutions and security-success so far-prospects-a model for other conflict-riven states.
For over twenty-five years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been depicted by the media as a nation in turmoil. Armed militias and armies ravage villages, stealing crops and minerals, while proxy wars displace countless citizens. Political violence, corruption, and social insecurity plague the nation, leading to a humanitarian crisis where fundamental human rights are routinely violated. This book delves into the harrowing realities of life in Congo, where public education and healthcare are in shambles, and most people live on less than two dollars a day. Amidst this, political leaders enjoy exorbitant salaries while public servants endure poverty. This empirical research critically examines the gap between the constitutional provisions of human rights and their implementation, presenting stark indicators of a failed state. By analyzing the human rights situation from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the current state Constitution, the book reveals the Congo’s descent into chaos and calls for accountability for its violations.