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En el transcurso de tres décadas, América Latina ha sido escenario de numerosas reformas a las instituciones de justicia, entre las cuales se encuentra el régimen especializado de adolescentes. La región navega entre dos corrientes: una que promueve los derechos humanos y un régimen garantista, y otra que impulsa políticas punitivas y criminaliza a la juventud. Este libro muestra qué son los sistemas de justicia para adolescentes y en qué medida promueven el reconocimiento de derechos humanos de niñas, niños y jóvenes, procuran la transformación de las conductas ilícitas y proporcionan alternativas de salida. Las autoras y autores comparan cuatro países (Brasil, Chile, México y Uruguay) con sistemas relativamente similares de tratamiento de adolescentes infractores, muestran los desafíos que enfrentan para implementarlo, así como el enorme lastre del pasado punitivo penalista reflejado en las leyes, las instituciones y el comportamiento de las autoridades judiciales y policiales. El panorama general presenta una imagen de un sistema de justicia para adolescentes inacabado y débil que no atiende plenamente los problemas de fondo. Las políticas públicas hacia este sector de la población siguen siendo marginales. En estas condiciones, la posibilidad de las adolescencias de acceder a la justicia seguirá siendo un magnífico reto en América Latina. El libro es resultado de una investigación financiada por el Fondo Conjunto de Cooperación México-Uruguay, de sus agencias nacionales: Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AMEXCID) y Agencia Uruguaya de Cooperación Internacional (AUCI), y de la colaboración de la Universidad de la República y El Colegio de México.
This book contains a collection of essays by leading experts linked to the outstanding characteristics of the scholar in honour of whom it is published, Tullio Treves, who combines his academic background with his practical experiences of a negotiator of international treaties and a judge of an international tribunal. It covers international public and private law related to international courts and the development of international law. Under Article 38 of its Statute, the International Court of Justice can apply judicial decisions only as a “subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law”. However, there are many reasons to believe that international courts and tribunals do play quite an important role in the progressive development of international law. There are a number of decisions which are inevitably recalled as the first step, or a decisive step, in the process of the formation of a new rule of customary international law. In these cases, can the judge be considered as a subsidiary of others? Are these cases compatible with the common belief that a judge cannot create law? Is this a peculiarity of international law, which is characterized by the existence of several courts but the lack of a legislator? Do decisions by different courts lead to the consequence of a fragmented international law? This volume provides the reader with an elaboration of various questions linked to the legislative role of courts. In their choices of subjects, some contributors have taken into account the general aspects of the development of international rules through court decisions or specific sectors of international law, such as human rights, international crimes, international economic law, environmental law and the law of the sea. Others have chosen the subject of the rules on jurisdiction and procedure of international courts. The question of the courts’ role in the development of areas of law different from public international law, namely private international law and European Union law, has also been considered. The information and views contained in this book will be of great value to academics, students, judges, practitioners and all others interested in the public and private international law aspects of the link between international courts and the development of international law.
Social work has long been working directly with the criminal and civil courts of the justice system. The work of Latin American practitioners in the legal system, however, is little known at global and local levels. This book is the first to go beyond Western-centric appraisals and presents a truly Latin American portrait of social work in the justice system. The long-term interaction of social work practitioners with the judicial system enabled them to develop an expertise to dialogue with other disciplines such as law and psychology. This knowledge is very important to identify and share with other professionals to develop specialized programs for education and training. In this sense, positive and negative experiences of social work in the justice system allow one to improve its practice. It is crucial to identify local experiences and the great dilemmas that the profession faces on this subject. The volume's chapters deal with these dynamics in Latin American countries including: Forensic Social Work: The construction of possible ways of the criminal intervention Socio-Legal Social Work in the Field of Criminal Defense Family and Community Life: Contributions of Social Work to the Debate in Family Courts Support to Victims in High-conflict Scenarios: An approach from the socio-legal, the pedagogical, and the care perspectives The Assessment of Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse Allegations from a Social Work Perspective Latin American Social Work in the Justice System is essential reading for students, researchers, academicians, policymakers, and practitioners who are interested in international social work with a special focus on Latin American countries and legal culture. Students and scholars in law, development studies, and public policy as well as psychologists working with and interested in the judicial system would also find this book a useful resource.