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Excerpt from Considerations on the Present State of the Country in Respect to Income and Taxation: In a Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Liverpool, First Lord Commissoner of His Majesty's Treasury, &C. &C., From a Professional Gentleman of Edinburg My Lord, I had the honour of addressing your Lordship upon a former occasion, with the view not only of pointing out the causes of the distress that then so generally prevailed in this country, but also of suggesting a remedy which appeared to me at the time adequate to the removal of that distress. I do not mean, upon this occasion, to intrude upon your Lordship any further observations upon that plan; but I feel impelled again to address your Lordship, for the purpose of pointing out, in what I hope may be a clear and satisfactory manner, not merely the propriety, but the absolute necessity, of making more minute inquiry into the present state of the country than has yet been done, and adopting such mode of relief as may be considered efficient in reestablishing that equilibrium in the rights and property of the different classes of society, which have been so much deranged, and which apparently are approaching to a state of still further derangement. The subject of this inquiry is of a complicated nature, and it is possible I may altogether fail in the object I have in view; but, even if this were to be the case, I may yet have the good fortune to suggest some views and considerations that may be of use to an enlightened politician who has the inclination and the power to take the necessary measures for the good of the country. The principal object I have in view at present is, to point out a mode either of ascertaining or approximating to the true and actual revenue of the country, so as to draw a comparison between the amount of the taxable revenue on the one hand, and the amount of taxes actually levied out of it on the other; that your Lordship, and others interested, may be able to judge, from the simplest view of the affairs of the country that can be given, whether the country is likely to prosper by persevering in the present system, and whether it may not be absolutely necessary to change that system, at least in the mean time. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The book describes the difficulties of the current international corporate income tax system. It starts by describing its origins and how changes, such as the development of multinational enterprises and digitalization have created fundamental problems, not foreseen at its inception. These include tax competition—as governments try to attract tax bases through low tax rates or incentives, and profit shifting, as companies avoid tax by reporting profits in jurisdictions with lower tax rates. The book then discusses solutions, including both evolutionary changes to the current system and fundamental reform options. It covers both reform efforts already under way, for example under the Inclusive Framework at the OECD, and potential radical reform ideas developed by academics.
Taxing Working Families provides insights into how income taxes and social security contributions affect the distribution of income between different types of families in OECD countries.
The United States annually spends over $300 billion on public elementary and secondary education. As the nation enters the 21st century, it faces a major challenge: how best to tie this financial investment to the goal of high levels of achievement for all students. In addition, policymakers want assurance that education dollars are being raised and used in the most efficient and effective possible ways. The book covers such topics as: Legal and legislative efforts to reduce spending and achievement gaps. The shift from "equity" to "adequacy" as a new standard for determining fairness in education spending. The debate and the evidence over the productivity of American schools. Strategies for using school finance in support of broader reforms aimed at raising student achievement. This book contains a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of financing public schools by federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It distills the best available knowledge about the fairness and productivity of expenditures on education and assesses options for changing the finance system.