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The Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) is an obligate bird of piñon-juniper and other pine-juniper woodlands that has experienced significant population declines and is of increasing conservation concern. The purpose of this strategy is to summarize current knowledge about Pinyon Jays and identify research, monitoring, and conservation actions required to improve their population status. Pinyon Jays are highly social and maintain year-round flocks that occupy large home ranges and use a variety of woodland habitats for foraging, caching piñon nuts, nesting, and roosting. The Partners in Flight North American Landbird Conservation Plan estimates a current global population of 770,000 Pinyon Jays. Over the period from 1967–2015, populations declined by 3.69% annually for an estimated total loss of 83.5%. The causes of these declines are unclear, largely because Pinyon Jays remain understudied. Most earlier research has occurred in New Mexico and Arizona and has focused on behavior or on habitat associations at nest colonies. More recent and ongoing research efforts are focused on understanding habitat requirements, resource needs, and movement patterns throughout the entire annual cycle in different regions of the species’ range. Future research needs include: identifying home ranges and nesting colony sites, habitat use and requirements, nesting biology and survival, assessing causes of local and regional declines, and assessing effects of management. As Pinyon Jay populations have declined, the piñon-juniper woodlands that provide most of their habitat also face potential threats, including removal of trees to accomplish other management priorities, long-term fire suppression, changes in woodland age and tree density, and changing climatic conditions that cause reduced piñon nut production and increased piñon pine mortality. Effective management and conservation of the Pinyon Jay depends on a better understanding of the species’ habitat requirements, identification of the factors that limit population size, and a clearer understanding of woodland dynamics and health. The information provided in this strategy to inform management is based on the best available science and is intended to help minimize unintended negative impacts to Pinyon Jays associated with current vegetation management activities. Collaboration between land managers and Pinyon Jay researchers provides a compelling approach to increase our knowledge of the species, better understand management trade-offs, and identify positive actions that could improve habitat for the species and reverse negative long-term population trends.
Until now there has been no single, comprehensive resource on the status of North America's most threatened birds and what people can do to help protect them. Birder's Conservation Handbook is the only book of its kind, written specifically to help birders and researchers understand the threats while providing actions to protect birds and their habitats. Jeffrey Wells has distilled vast amounts of essential information into a single easy-to-use volume-required reading for anyone who loves birds and wants to ensure they are protected. At-a-glance species accounts cover in detail North America's one hundred most at-risk birds; each account is beautifully illustrated by today's top bird artists. The text includes status, distribution, ecology, threats, conservation actions and needs, and references. A distribution map accompanies each entry. Chapters discuss birds as indicators of environmental health, the state of North American bird populations, major conservation issues, and initiatives now underway to improve the health of North America's birds. Birder's Conservation Handbook is an indispensable resource for birdwatchers, researchers, naturalists, and conservationists. Reading it will inspire you to become an active steward of our birds and the habitats we share. A comprehensive guide to North America's one hundred most at-risk birds and how to protect them Compact and easy to use, with beautiful illustrations and data organized for convenient, at-a-glance reference Detailed species accounts, including distribution maps Practical advice on conservation Information on leading conservation agencies and resources
A flock of Pinyon Jays arrive in a flash of blue, and leave again just as suddenly. This once mysterious bird is now the subject of over 20 years of intensive research involving over one thousand colour-marked jays by Russell Balda, John Marzluff and their colleagues and helpers. This plain blue bird has turned out to be anything but plain in its biology and behaviour. Uniquely dependent on the seeds of the Pinyon Pine for food, they have developed a number of behavioural and morphological adaptations to best utilise this resource, above all caching enough seeds each autumn to supply their needs throughout the winter and fuel their unusual habit of nesting in late winter. Fluctuations in pine-seed supply, both by season and between years, poses special problems for these birds and has led to their extremely flexible and complex social system in which learning and memory play an unusually large part. They store pine seeds and retrieve them with uncanny accuracy; they form lifelong pair bonds and nest colonially, occasionally involving younger birds to help established pairs rear the young; and they use their large vocabulary to coordinate activities within one of the largest known avian societies. This intriguing story will fascinate both the enthusiastic amateur birder and the professional alike. Packed with information, it presents Pinyon Jay biology in a readable form and places them into the wider context of studies on bird ecology and evolution. Fine illustrations by Tony Angell, with additional pictures by Caroline Bauder, complete this attractive addition to any birder's bookshelf.
Current Ornithology publishes authoritative, up-to-date, scholarly reviews of topics selected from the full range of current research in avian biology. Topics cover the spectrum from the molecular level of organization to population biology and community ecology. The series seeks especially to review (1) fields in which an abundant recent literature will benefit from synthesis and organization, or (2) newly emerging fields that are gaining recognition as the result of recent discoveries or shifts in perspective, or (3) fields in which students of vertebrates may benefit from comparisons of birds with other classes. All chapters are invited, and authors are chosen for their leadership in the subjects under review.
This book is intended as an introductory text for students studying a wide range of courses concerned with animal management, zoo biology and wildlife conservation, and should also be useful to zookeepers and other zoo professionals. It is divided into three parts. Part 1 considers the function of zoos, their history, how zoos are managed, ethics, zoo legislation and wildlife conservation law. Part 2 discusses the design of zoos and zoo exhibits, animal nutrition, reproduction, animal behaviour (including enrichment and training), animal welfare, veterinary care, animal handling and transportation. Finally, Part 3 discusses captive breeding programmes, genetics, population biology, record keeping, and the educational role of zoos, including a consideration of visitor behaviour. It concludes with a discussion of the role of zoos in the conservation of species in the wild and in species reintroductions. This book takes an international perspective and includes a wide range of examples of the operation of zoos and breeding programmes particularly in the UK, Europe, North America and Australasia. Visit www.wiley.com/go/rees/zoo to access the artwork from the book.
Wildlife and Recreationists defines and clarifies the issues surrounding the conflict between outdoor recreation and the health and well-being of wildlife and ecosystems. Contributors to the volume consider both direct and indirect effects of widlife-recreationist interactions, including: wildlife responses to disturbance, and the origins of these responses how specific recreational activities affect diverse types of wildlife the human dimensions of managing recreationists the economic importance of outdoor recreation how wildlife and recreationists might be able to coexist The book is a useful synthesis of what is known concerning wildlife and recreation. More important, it addresses both research needs and management options to minimize conflicts.