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Trata-se de uma coletânea de artigos focalizando os principais avanços conceituais que fundametam o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de avaliação e monitoramento da biodiversidade nos ecossistemas tropicais.
O papa da biodiversidade traça um abrangente e apaixonado painel da alarmante situação da ecologia no mundo de hoje, propondo soluções. Reconhecido no mundo todo como o papa da biodiversidade, Wilson analisa aqui os processos adaptativos responsáveis pela criação de novas espécies e descreve os cataclismos que interromperam a evolução e empobreceram a diversidade nos últimos seiscentos milhões de anos. Os cinco primeiros desastres ecológicos (tais como meteoritos e mudanças climáticas) custaram à evolução entre dez e cem milhões de anos de reparação. Já o sexto grande espasmo de extinção na Terra, desta vez inteiramente causado pelo homem, pode não ter conserto. Wilson aponta fortes indícios de que o planeta caminha para um grave e talvez irreversível processo de degradação ambiental: declínio da população de pássaros nos Estados Unidos, extinção de espécies de peixes de água doce na África e na Ásia, drástica redução de flora e fauna nas regiões tropicais desmatadas. As saídas que o autor propõe são complexas, à altura do problema, mas factíveis, e passam por conciliar produção, lucro e proteção ambiental. Desafiadoras, elas permitem que a consciência ecológica e as práticas sociais alcancem novo patamar, tanto nos estudos quanto nas atitudes individuais e políticas de preservação do meio ambiente.
This collection of more than 30 peer-reviewed papers focuses on the diversity and conservation of arthropods, whose species inhabit virtually every recess and plane – and feature in virtually every food web – on the planet. Highlighting issues ranging from large-scale disturbance to local management, from spatial heterogeneity to temporal patterns, these papers reflect exciting new research – and take the reader to some of the most biodiverse corners of the planet.
The Routledge Handbook of Planning Research Methods is an expansive look at the traditions, methods, and challenges of research design and research projects in contemporary urban planning. Through case studies, an international group of researchers, planning practitioners, and planning academics and educators, all recognized authorities in the field, provide accounts of designing and implementing research projects from different approaches and venues. This book shows how to apply quantitative and qualitative methods to projects, and how to take your research from the classroom to the real world. The book is structured into sections focusing on Beginning planning research Research design and development Rediscovering qualitative methods New advances in quantitative methods Turning research into action With chapters written by leading scholars in spatial planning, The Routledge Handbook of Planning Research Methods is the most authoritative and comprehensive handbook on the topic, providing both established and ground breaking coverage of spatial planning research methods. The book is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate level students, young professionals and practitioners in urban, regional, and spatial planning.
The discussion of ideas, methods, scientific results, empirical practices and perspectives on the restoration of high diversity tropical and subtropical forest formations is the objective of this book; however, principles here proposed may be used in other less complex forest formations. Special attention is given to the role of the ecological processes on the restoration of functional forest communities, once the composition and structure of these natural or even restored communities change in space and time.
A importância das florestas tropicais. O valor dos produtos não derivados da madeira. O custo do desmatamento. Áreas existentes e índices de destruição. Ameaças às florestas tropicais. A posição do WWF. Áreas protegidas. Gestão florestal ecologicamente sustentável. Encaminhamento para a sustentabilidade. Populações indígenas e comunidades locais. Iniciativas para salvar as florestas tropicais. Programa de Ação para as Florestas Tropicais (TFAP). A nova política florestal do Banco Mundial. A ITTO (Organização Internacional para a Madeira Tropical). Regulamentação do comércio de madeira tropical. Convenção global da floresta. Convenção sobre a biodiversidade. Convenções sobre o clima. Subsídios agrícolas. O GATT. Florestas temperadas.
Although biologists have directed much attention to estimating the extent and causes of species losses, the consequences for ecosystem functioning have been little studied. This book examines the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem processes in tropical forests - one of the most species-rich and at the same time most endangered ecosystems on earth. It covers the relationships between biodiversity and primary production, secondary production, biogeochemical cycles, soil processes, plant life forms, responses to disturbance, and resistance to invasion. The analyses focus on the key ecological interfaces where the loss of keystone species is most likely to influence the rate and stability of ecosystem processes.
This book highlights the advances in essential oil research, from the plant physiology perspective to large-scale production, including bioanalytical methods and industrial applications. The book is divided into 4 sections. The first one is focused on essential oil composition and why plants produce these compounds that have been used by humans since ancient times. Part 2 presents an update on the use of essential oils in various areas, including food and pharma industries as well as agriculture. In part 3 readers will find new trends in bioanalytical methods. Lastly, part 4 presents a number of approaches to increase essential oil production, such as in vitro and hairy root culture, metabolic engineering and biotechnology. Altogether, this volume offers a comprehensive look at what researchers have been doing over the last years to better understand these compounds and how to explore them for the benefit of the society.