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Congestion and Delays

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 102


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Congestion and delays : the impact on passengers and possible solutions : hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, September 27, 2007.
"This book aims at giving a complete panorama of the active and promising crossing area between traffic engineering and multi-agent system addressing both current status and challenging new ideas"--Provided by publisher.

Congestion and Delays

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 92


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A deterministic model was developed to study the effects of inefficient scheduling on flight delays at hub airports. The model bases the delay calculation on published schedule data and on user-defined airport capacities. Data from the Official Airline Guide of May, 1977 and May, 1985 was used for the analysis. Twelve large airports were studied in the hopes of finding a correlation between airport delay due to congestion and hubs. Data for both time periods was analyzed for the twelve airports in order to find historical trends in the growth of hubbing. Among the airports studied, those that were hubs had significantly more delays due to inefficient scheduling than the non-hubs, even for an equivalent number of operations. Also, these relative inefficiencies were shown to exist from hub to hub. Delays at hubs of similar size differed by up to 200 percent.
"We examine two factors that might explain the extent of air traffic delays in the United States: network benefits due to hubbing and congestion externalities. Airline hubs enable passengers to cross-connect to many destinations, thus creating network benefits that increase in the number of markets served from the hub. Delays are the equilibrium outcome of a hub airline equating high marginal benefits from hubbing with the marginal cost of delays. Congestion externalities are created when airlines do not consider that adding flights may lead to increased delays for other air carriers. In this case, delays represent a market failure. Using data on all domestic flights by major US carriers from 1988-2000, we find that delays are increasing in hubbing activity at an airport and decreasing in market concentration but the hubbing effect dominates empirically. In addition, most delays due to hubbing actually accrue to the hub carrier, primarily because the hub carrier clusters its flights in short spans of time in order to maximize passenger interconnections. Non hub flights at hub airports operate with minimal additional travel time by avoiding the congested peak connecting times of the hub carrier. These results suggest that an optimal congestion tax would have a relatively small impact on air traffic delays since hub carriers already internalize most of the costs of hubbing and a tax that did not take the network benefits of hubbing into account could reduce social welfare"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.