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Offers a critical evaluation of existing and emerging approaches to applied conflict prevention that involve nontraditional actors ranging from the corporate sector and NGOs to regional and multilateral economic and political organizations. The volume suggests best practices for individuals within these organizations to use the array of political, economic, social and developmental instruments available to them.
The report described 'conflict prevention' as including actions and policies designed to prevent the emergence of violent conflict, prevent continuing conflicts from spreading, and prevent the re-emergence of violence.2 The narrower term 'preventive diplomacy', which is more commonly used in the UN context, refers specifically to diplomatic action taken to prevent disputes from escalating into violence and to limit disputes' spread when violent conflict does erupt.
At the 2005 UN World Summit, world leaders endorsed the international principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), acknowledging that they had a responsibility to protect their citizens from genocide and mass atrocities and pledging to act in cases where governments manifestly failed in their responsibility. This marked a significant turning point in attitudes towards the protection of citizens worldwide. This important new book charts the emergence of this principle, from its origins in a doctrine of sovereignty as responsibility, through debates about the legitimacy of humanitarian intervention and the findings of a prominent international commission, and finally through the long and hard negotiations that preceded the 2005 commitment. It explores how world leaders came to acknowledge that sovereign rights entailed fundamental responsibilities and what that acknowledgment actually means. The book goes on to analyze in detail the ways in which R2P can contribute to the global effort to end genocide and mass atrocities. Focusing on the prevention of these crimes and the improvement of the world’s reaction to them, the book explores the question of how to build sustainable peace in their aftermath. Alex J. Bellamy argues that although 2005 marked an important watershed, much more work is needed to defend R2P from those who would walk away from their commitments and – in the words of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon – to translate the principle ‘from words into deeds’. This fascinating book will appeal to students and scholars of international relations, international affairs, human rights and humanitarian emergencies, as well as anyone concerned about the protection of civilians on a global scale
This volume is comprised of over 2,300 annotations on a wide array of issues and topics germane to the subject of preventing the atrocities of genocide and managing these conflicts when they do arise. Samuel Totten brings together in one comprehensive collection the research and findings in various fields, such as political science, sociology, history, and psychology, to enable specialists in genocide studies, peace studies, and conflict resolution to benefit from the insights of a diverse range of scholars and foster an understanding of how the various components of genocide studies connect. Among the topics included are: key conventions, international treaties, and covenants genocide early warning signals and forecasting risk data bases sanctions peacekeeping missions conflict resolution the International Criminal Court realpolitik vis-à-vis the issue of genocide prevention and intervention key non-governmental agencies key governmental and UN bodies working on these important issues. In addition to the annotations, Totten frames the bibliography with a major essay that introduces the reader to the subject of prevention and intervention of genocide, raising a host of critical issues regarding the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of various approaches germane to issues of managing these conflicts.
Genocide has been called 'a problem from hell' and despite vehement declarations of 'never again' it's a problem that continues to plague the world. From the beginning of history to the most recent massacres in Bosnia, Rwanda, and Darfur, genocide defies resolution. And given today's worldwide access to highly lethal weapons and advanced communications technology facilitating incitement to hate, we can expect to see this problem grow. It is often claimed that genocide occurs without warning, taking both local and global communities by surprise. Yet, as David Hamburg convincingly shows, we have had long-term advance knowledge of most modern genocides dating back to the early 20th century Armenian tragedy in Turkey and before. In this book, Dr. Hamburg applies a groundbreaking new perspective-the medical model of prevention-to the scourge of genocide in the world. Preventing genocide is not only possible, Dr Hamburg contends, but essential given its high cost in lives, human rights, and international security. Here he maps out numerous practical steps to recognise genocidal conflicts early and stem their tides of violence before they become acute. He also outlines several institutions in place and programs underway at the UN, EU, and NATO devoted to preventing future genocides before they erupt. He draws lessons both from missed opportunities and successful experiences and makes many constructive suggestions about strengthening international institutions, governments, and NGOs for this purpose.
This book is truly unique in that it presents a series of cases in which conflict prevention efforts have been successful at the United Nations and in other international organizations. It presents detailed case studies of the methods used and the diplomacy applied to head off conflicts or to contain them swiftly. Some of the chapters are riveting in their details. The book is the first on conflict prevention as actually applied in practice. It gives a convincingly positive answer to the question: 'Does conflict prevention work in practice?'.It does! The book also contains up-to-date accounts of the policies and practices of early warning and preventive action in a series of international and regional organizations, including ASEAN, the African Union, IGAD and the United Nations. Practice is thus presented alongside evolving policies and programmes. The book deals not only with efforts to prevent conflicts but also to head off gross violations of human rights - an urgent challenge of our times. As Professor Paul Kennedy of Yale University writes in his Foreword, the excellent essays in this volume make it a truly valuable book. At a time when the United Nations is searching for the way forward, this book provides valuable leads for the practice of conflict prevention. It is essential reading for peace-builders, peacemakers and human rights practitioners.