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This conference was held to promote the exchange of information between those who develop risk assessment methodologies and those who perform risk assessments for the Department of Defense (DoD). The conference featured invited presentations by noted individuals in the field of risk assessment and a poster session on studies relevant to the conference theme. Sessions were held on: DoD approaches to chemical risk assessment, principles of chemical risk assessment, issues in the science and methodology of chemical risk assessment, current applications of chemical risk assessment in the military, new directions in chemical risk assessment methodologies, and issues in risk management. Special topics in chemical risk assessment highlighted the history of the three service toxicology units.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
DOD's assessment process is unreliable for determining the risk to military operations; as a result, in its 2000 report to the Congress, the Department inaccurately reported the risk in most cases as "low. " The report is inaccurate because it includes erroneous inventory data and wartime requirements. More important, the process for determining risk is fundamentally flawed because (1) the Department determines requirements by individual pieces of protective equipment rather than by the number of complete ensembles that can be provided to deploying servicemembers, and (2) the risk-determining process combines individual service requirements and reported inventory data into general categories, masldng specific critical shortages affecting individual service readiness. Had the Department assessed the risk on the basis of the number of complete ensembles it had available, by service, the risk would rise to "high" in all cases.
Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals contains a detailed and comprehensive methodology for developing acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for toxic substances from inhalation exposures. The book provides guidance on what documents and databases to use, toxicity endpoints that need to be evaluated, dosimetry corrections from animal to human exposures, selection of appropriate uncertainty factors to address the variability between animals and humans and within the human population, selection of modifying factors to address data deficiencies, time scaling, and quantitative cancer risk assessment. It also contains an example of a summary of a technical support document and an example of AEGL derivation. This book will be useful to persons in the derivation of levels from other exposure routesâ€"both oral and dermalâ€"as well as risk assessors in the government, academe, and private industry.
In the Bhopal disaster of 1984, approximately 2,000 residents living near a chemical plant were killed and 20,000 more suffered irreversible damage to their eyes and lungs following the accidental release of methyl isocyanate. This tragedy served to focus international attention on the need for governments to identify hazardous substances and assist local communities in planning how to deal with emergency exposures. Since 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been tasked with identifying extremely hazardous substances and, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Department of Transportation, assist local emergency response planners. The National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances was established in 1995 to develop acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for high priority toxic chemicals that could be released into the air from accidents at chemical plants, storage sites, or during transportation. This book reviews toxicity documents on five chemicalsâ€"chlorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, toluene, and uranium hexafluorideâ€"for their scientific validity, comprehensives, internal consistency, and conformance to the 1993 guidelines report.