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Concreting in cold weather requires special knowledge and skills to ensure accelerated hardening and high quality in plain- and reinforced-concrete structures. Cold Weather Concreting familiarizes concrete specialists with the characteristic features of concrete in cold weather, including the effects of frost, methods for hardening in subzero temperatures, and other challenges in cold-weather concreting. Both practical techniques and their underlying theories are covered. The book presents many methods for the thermal treatment of concrete by means of electric current--information previously available only in the Russian literature. It presents unique data in the form of diagrams, drawings, and tables, including a chart of the phase state of concretes of different strengths in the process of freezing at different temperatures, the variation of concrete strains in freezing and thawing, and a diagram of electric fields in concrete when electrodes are placed in front of stirrups.
This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of durability of the frost resistance of concrete. It will enable both concrete materials specialists and practising engineers to better understand the deterioration processes which take place during freezing and thawing, and the effects of de-icing salts on concrete. It shows how test pro
Concrete as a building material -- Concrete mix compounds -- Proportioning concrete mix -- Excavation -- Laying out the building -- Design of concrete forms -- Form materials and how to use them -- Construction of pier and footing forms -- Construction of foundation wall forms -- Formwork for openings in concrete walls -- Formwork for steps -- Formwork for floors and sidewalk slabs -- How to make beam and girder forms -- Forms for arched openings -- Handling and placing concrete -- Finishing concrete -- Curing and patching concrete -- Effects of temperature -- Reinforced concrete construction -- Precast concrete -- Cleaning concrete and masonry methods -- Appendix A : Method of making slump test for consistency of Portland cement concrete -- Appendix B : Estimating quantities and labor hours for concrete, forms and reinforcing.