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This is both a first and a second level course in Pascal. It starts at an elementary level and works up to a point where problems of realistic complexity can be tackled. It is aimed at two audiences: on the one hand the computer professional who has a good knowledge of Cobol or Fortran but needs convincing that Pascal is worth learning, and on the other hand the amateur computer enthusiast who may have a smattering of Basic or may be an absolute beginner. Its approach is based on two principles that are not always widely recognized. The first is that computing is no longer a specialist subject. In the early days of computing a priesthood arose whose function was to minister to those awesome, and awesomely expensive, machines. Just as in the ancient world, when illiteracy was rife, the scribes formed a priestly caste with special status, so the programmers of yesteryear were regarded with reverence. But times are changing: mass computer literacy is on its way. We find already that when a computer enters a classroom it is not long before the pupils are explaining the finer points of its use to their teacher - for children seem to have greater programming aptitude than adults. This book, it is hoped, is part of that process of education by which the computer is brought down to earth; and therefore it attempts to divest computing of the mystique (and deliberate mystification) that still tends to surround the subject.
Computers occupy our attention because they seem to do many things that people do: they manipulate symbols that have meaning; they store information; they answer questions; they participate in the decision-making process; they compute. Computers seem to possess an "intelligence" not found in other machines, and they play an increasingly important role in our society. As responsible citizens, it is important to understand (1) the development of information processing, (2) the basic concepts of computer hardware and software, (3) the social impact of computer usage, and (4) the way in which computers are applied. The purpose of this book is to present information on those topics to those with liberal arts, social science, education, health science, and humanities backgrounds. The book is designed for use in introductory one-semester or one-quarter course. No mathematical or information-processing background is required or assumed; this book can be used without using computers.
This text is designed for Computer Literacy or Computers and Society courses taught in computer science or sociology departments. Its goal is to prepare students to make educated choices about the use of computer technology. It emphasizes the blending of implications with applications of computers in business, government and society, and should enable students to make educated personal decisions on the use of computers.
This report uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and the High School & Beyond/Sophomores Study to summarize information on what is studied, where, and by whom, in the nation's colleges, community colleges, and postsecondary trade schools. Section 1 describes how the data is based on that which the taxonomy of courses and analyses of course-taking, credits, grades, degrees, etc., were constructed and edited. Section 2, "Degrees, Majors, Credits, and Time," presents the long-term educational attainment of the two cohorts of students (classes of 1972 and 1982). Section 3, "The Changing Shape of Delivered Knowledge," presents the taxonomy of courses, and includes the most common course titles in over 1,000 course categories, as well as enrollment trends by course category. Section 4 examines all credits earned by the two cohorts and identifies which courses account for most of those credits to yield an empirical "core curriculum." Section 5 provides data on proportions of students studying given subject categories; trend data is included for the past two decades. Finally, Section 6 provides data concerning such issues as trends in grade inflation and which courses students fail at high rates. The conclusion offers suggestions for further analysis of these data bases. (Contains 43 references.) (DB)