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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in all industrial countries have a great need for technical and scientific data and product and market information. SMEs also produce useful information of mutual benefit for themselves. A proper and healthy development of SMEs in developing, as well as in many industrialized countries in Europe and elsewhere will require a number of support services, among which the development of infrastructural information services is a key element. Rapid progress in information technologies has reduced the cost and increased the availability of powerful workstations, personal computers and new communication facilities. This has created new opportunities for using these and other appropriate technologies to conceive practical information services for SMEs. This book contains the proceedings of an international seminar on distri- buted database systems for SMEs held in Beijing, People's Republic of China, in May 1989. The seminar was organized as a joint undertaking of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China (ISTIC), the United Nations Centre for Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) and the Commission of the European Communities (CEC). Recommendations cover operational concepts, methodology and technologies to be applied in the various stages of infrastructural evolution. Dr. Ganzhorn is a member of the United Nations Advisory Committee on Science and Technology for Development, a body composed of 28 personalities of repute with diverse backgrounds from all over the world. He is a former Director of Science and Technology of IBM Europe, an Honorary Professor at the University of Karlsruhe and a former President of the German Physical Society. Dr. Faustoferri is an Information Systems Officer of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). At the time of the Beijing seminar, he was an Associate Expert with the United Nations Centre for Science and Technology for Development (CSTD).
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Computations, Glassy Materials, Microgravity and Non-Destructive Testing is a compilation of the papers presented during the Third IUMRS International Conference on Advanced Materials International Union of The Materials Research Societies that discussed the concepts and methods behind glassy materials. The book is divided into parts. Part 1 tackles the progresses in sol-gel science and technology; the reaction mechanisms of ormosils and effects of ultrasonic irradiation; and the preparation of different glasses and their properties. Part 2 covers topics such as the neural network system for the identification of materials; the use of computers for simulations of many-body systems; computer system for meeting the supercomputing needs of materials; quality control of materials information by knowledge base; and the development of knowledgebase system for computer-assisted alloy design. Part 3 deals with the properties of different materials, the concepts, and the techniques behind them, and Part 4 discusses the non-destructive evaluation. The text is recommended for chemists and engineers in the field of materials science, especially those who wish to know more about the progress in its field of research.
J.-P. CALISTE, A. TRUYOL AND J. WESTBROOK The Series, "Data and Knowledge in a Changing World", exemplifies CODATA's primary purpose of collecting, from widely different fields, a wealth of information on efficient exploitation of data for progress in science and technology and making that information available to scientists and engineers. A separate and complementary CODATA Reference Series will present Directories of compiled and evaluated data and Glossaries of data-related terms. The present book "Thermodynamic Modeling and Materials Data Engineering" discusses thermodynamic, structural, systemic and heuristic approaches to the modeling of complex materials behavior in condensed phases, both fluids and solids, in order to evaluate their potential applications. Itwas inspired by the Symposium on "Materials and Structural Properties" held during the 14th International CODATA Conference in Chambery, France. The quality of the contributions to this Symposium motivated us to present" a coherent book of interest to the field. Updated contributions inspired by Symposium discussions and selections from other CODATA workshops concerning material properties data and Computer Aided Design combine to highlight the complexity of material data issues on experimental, theoretical and simulation levels Articles were selected for their pertinence in three areas. Complex data leading to interesting developments and tools such as: • new developments in state equations and their applications, • prediction and validation of physical and energy data by group correlations for pure compounds, • modeling and prediction of mixture properties.
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To understand what we know and be aware of what is to be known has become the central focus in the treatment of engineering data handling issues. It has been some time since we began treating issues arriving from engineering data handling in a low key fashion because of its housekeeping chores and data maintenance aspects representing nonglamorous issues related to automation. Since the advent of CAD/CAM, large numbers of data bases have been generated through stand alone CAD systems and the rate of this automated means of generating data is rapidly increasing. This possibly is the key factor in changing our way of looking at engineering data related problems. This volume contains some of the papers, including revisions, which were presented at the fourth Automation Technology conference held in Monterey, California. This volume represents ATI's efforts to bring forth some of the important case studies related to engineering data handling from the user's point of view. Because of its potential enormous impact on management and productivity advancement, careful documentation and coordination for outstanding contributions to this area are of utmost importance. This volume may serve as a precursor to additional volumes in the area of engineering data handling and CAD/CAM related user studies. Anyone with comments or suggestions, as well as potential contributors, to this series, is encouraged to contact the editorial board of AT!.
Established by Congress in 1901, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has a long and distinguished history as the custodian and disseminator of the United States' standards of physical measurement. Having reached its centennial anniversary, the NBS/NIST reflects on and celebrates its first century with this book describing some of its seminal contributions to science and technology. Within these pages are 102 vignettes that describe some of the Institute's classic publications. Each vignette relates the context in which the publication appeared, its impact on science, technology, and the general public, and brief details about the lives and work of the authors. The groundbreaking works depicted include: A breakthrough paper on laser-cooling of atoms below the Doppler limit, which led to the award of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics to William D. Phillips The official report on the development of the radio proximity fuse, one of the most important new weapons of World War II The 1932 paper reporting the discovery of deuterium in experiments that led to Harold Urey's1934 Nobel Prize for Chemistry A review of the development of the SEAC, the first digital computer to employ stored programs and the first to process images in digital form The first paper demonstrating that parity is not conserved in nuclear physics, a result that shattered a fundamental concept of theoretical physics and led to a Nobel Prize for T. D. Lee and C. Y. Yang "Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor," a 1995 paper that has already opened vast new areas of research A landmark contribution to the field of protein crystallography by Wlodawer and coworkers on the use of joint x-ray and neutron diffraction to determine the structure of proteins