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This report documents and presents results of a study to determine time-dependent behavior and relevant design criteria for simple-span precast, prestressed bridge girders made continuous. A questionnaire was used to determine current practice. Creep and shrinkage tests of steam-cured concrete loaded at an early age were made. Computer simulations were used to investigate the effects of time-dependent material behavior and variation in design parameters on the effective continuity for live load plus impact. The findings suggest that positive moment connections in the diaphragms at the piers are not required and provide no structural advantages. The findings also suggest that effective continuity for live load plus impact can vary from 0 to 100% dependent on the design parameters and timing of construction. Computer analyses were also used to determine an upper limit for the amount of negative moment reinforcement over the supports to insure full moment redistribution and attainment of maximum bridge strength. New computer programs were developed for simplified analysis to determine time-dependent effects and service moments. Recommendations for design procedures were presented and design examples given.
Introduction and Research Approach -- Findings -- Interpretation, Appraisal, and Application -- Interpretation, Appraisal, and Application -- References -- Appendixes.
The Texas Department of Transportation designs typical highway bridge structures as simple span systems using standard precast, pretensioned girders. Spans are limited to about 150 ft due to weight and length restrictions on transporting the precast girder units from the prestressing plant to the bridge site. Such bridge construction, while economical from an initial cost point of view, may become somewhat limiting when longer spans are needed. This project focused on developing additional economical design alternatives for longer span bridges with main spans ranging from 150-300 ft, using continuous precast, prestressed concrete bridge structures with in-span splices. Phase 1 of this study focused on evaluating the current state-of-the-art and practice relevant to continuous precast concrete girder bridges and recommending suitable continuity connections for typical Texas bridge girders; the findings are documented in the Volume 1 project report. This report summarizes Phase 2 of the research including detailed design examples for shored and partially shored construction, results of a parametric design study, and results of an experimental program that tested a full-scale girder containing three splice connections. The parametric design study indicated that for bridges spanning from 150-300 ft, continuous precast, prestressed concrete girder bridges with in-span splices can provide an economical alternative to steel girder bridges and segmental concrete box girder construction. The tested splice connections performed well under service level loads. However, the lack of continuity of the pretensioning through the splice connection region had a significant impact on the behavior at higher loads approaching ultimate conditions. Improved connection behavior at ultimate conditions is expected through enhanced connection details. Recommendations for design of continuous spliced precast girders, along with several detailing suggestions are discussed in the report.
Timely, authoritative, extremely practical--an exhaustive guide tothe nontheoretical aspects of bridge planning and design. This bookaddresses virtually all practical problems associated with theplanning and design of steel and concrete bridge superstructuresand substructures. Drawing on its author's nearly half-century as abridge designer and engineer, it offers in-depth coverage of suchcrucial considerations as selecting the optimum location andlayout, traffic flow, aesthetics, design, analysis, construction,current codes and government regulations, maintenance andrehabilitation, and much more. * Offers in-depth coverage of all the steps involved in performingproper planning and design with comparative analyses of alternativesolutions * Includes numerous examples and case studies of existing bridgesand important projects underway around the world * Features a time-line history of bridge building from pre-Romantimes to the present * Summarizes key technical data essential to bridgeengineering * Supplemented with 200 line drawings and photos vividlyillustrating all concepts presented * Comprehensive coverage of CAD planning, design, and analysistechniques and technologies
At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
The objectives of this investigation were: to identify the limitations of existing prestressed concrete girder cross sections relative to the use of high-strength concrete; to examine the feasibility of using modified cross sections to take advantage of the high-strength concretes; to investigate the use of alternative construction systems; and to define factors that limit the application of high-strength concrete. The research was performed using the computer program "BRIDGE" to determine relative unit costs and maximum span lengths for different simple-span prestressed concrete bridge designs