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This is the first book offering a systematic description of tongue image analysis and processing technologies and their typical applications in computerized tongue diagnostic (CTD) systems. It features the most current research findings in all aspects of tongue image acquisition, preprocessing, classification, and diagnostic support methodologies, from theoretical and algorithmic problems to prototype design and development of CTD systems. The book begins with a very in-depth description of CTD on a need-to-know basis which includes an overview of CTD systems and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in order to provide the information on the context and background of tongue image analysis. The core part then introduces algorithms as well as their implementation methods, at a know-how level, including image segmentation methods, chromatic correction, and classification of tongue images. Some clinical applications based on these methods are presented for the show-how purpose in the CTD research field. Case studies highlight different techniques that have been adopted to assist the visual inspection of appendicitis, diabetes, and other common diseases. Experimental results under different challenging clinical circumstances have demonstrated the superior performance of these techniques. In this book, the principles of tongue image analysis are illustrated with plentiful graphs, tables, and practical experiments to provide insights into some of the problems. In this way, readers can easily find a quick and systematic way through the complicated theories and they can later even extend their studies to special topics of interest. This book will be of benefit to researchers, professionals, and graduate students working in the field of computer vision, pattern recognition, clinical practice, and TCM, as well as those involved in interdisciplinary research.
This work focuses on computer-aided tongue image analysis, specifically, as it relates to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Computerized tongue diagnosis aid medical practitioners capture quantitative features to improve reliability and consistence of diagnosis. A total computer-aided tongue analysis framework consists of tongue detection, tongue segmentation, tongue feature extraction, tongue classification and analysis, which are all included in our work. We propose a new hybrid image segmentation algorithm that integrates the region-based method with the boundary-based method. We apply this segmentation algorithm in designing an automatic tongue detection and segmentation framework. We also develop a novel color space based feature set for tongue feature extraction to implement an automated ZHENG (TCM syndrome) classification system using machine learning techniques. To further enhance the performance of our classification system, we propose preprocessing the tongue images using the Modified Specular-free technique prior to feature extraction, and explore the extraction of geometry features from the Petechia. Lastly, we propose a new feature set for automated tongue shape classification.
Tongue, the primary taste organ in the mouth, can reflect the whole body's health conditions based on the Traditional Chinese Medical (TCM) theories. Watching the tongue is one of the most common, essential and reliable methods for the TCM doctor to make diagnoses. In this thesis, a new health system is introduced based on tongue image analysis. The technologies adopted in this system ranged from tongue image processing algorithms to machine learning applications. The tongue image algorithms used in this work include image segmentation, tongue recognition and tongue image classification. Image segmentation was used to get rid of other unrelated parts, such as lip, face and neck, while keeping the tongue only. Then two recognition methods were applied to check whether the segmented result is a tongue or not. For different tongue patterns, the Support Vector Machine is applied to train a machine learning model and make predictions to classify the tongue into different labeled groups. An app named 'iTongue' is designed to monitor the body status by taking and processing tongue images in smart phones. The app provides a user-friendly, fast and powerful health tool based on TCM theories. The whole system is implemented in a webbased environment. An advanced portal was developed to connect the users and the TCM doctors. The users will not only obtain the analysis label of tongue images, but also get some life style recommendations based on the tongue image analysis. This portal helps the user understand more about his body status and guide him to adopt a more suitable diet and improve exercise.
This three volume book set constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Machine Learning for Cyber Security, ML4CS 2020, held in Xi’an, China in October 2020. The 118 full papers and 40 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 360 submissions. The papers offer a wide range of the following subjects: Machine learning, security, privacy-preserving, cyber security, Adversarial machine Learning, Malware detection and analysis, Data mining, and Artificial Intelligence.
This revised edition includes a glossary of terms and a materia medica and formulary sufficient to practice the treatments described in the text. As such it is not only a unique, absoloutely-defined and referenced text, but also a self-contained and inexpensive course of study. As a basic text produced to a multi-author, multi-publisher voluntary standard, this revised edition is a unique key for scholars and clinicians alike.
Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis, Second Edition is a great learning resource for academic and industry researchers and graduate students taking courses on machine learning and deep learning for computer vision and medical image computing and analysis. Deep learning provides exciting solutions for medical image analysis problems and is a key method for future applications. This book gives a clear understanding of the principles and methods of neural network and deep learning concepts, showing how the algorithms that integrate deep learning as a core component are applied to medical image detection, segmentation, registration, and computer-aided analysis. · Covers common research problems in medical image analysis and their challenges · Describes the latest deep learning methods and the theories behind approaches for medical image analysis · Teaches how algorithms are applied to a broad range of application areas including cardiac, neural and functional, colonoscopy, OCTA applications and model assessment · Includes a Foreword written by Nicholas Ayache
The introduction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) through modern information technology will not only achieve the objective progress of the heritage of thousands of years of TCM, but also deliver novel discoveries for modern medicines.This book is an advanced monograph based on a decade's worth of research work by the authors. After a brief introduction on the four diagnosis approaches in TCM, this book delves into the three main TCM data analysis techniques: computerized tongue, pulse and odor analysis.Both graduate students and researchers in computerized TCM data analysis will benefit from the book as it will provide a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-the-art analysis methods, image / signal acquisition devices, and the related feature extraction and classification methods.
BIOMEDICAL DATA MINING FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL This book not only emphasizes traditional computational techniques, but discusses data mining, biomedical image processing, information retrieval with broad coverage of basic scientific applications. Biomedical Data Mining for Information Retrieval comprehensively covers the topic of mining biomedical text, images and visual features towards information retrieval. Biomedical and health informatics is an emerging field of research at the intersection of information science, computer science, and healthcare and brings tremendous opportunities and challenges due to easily available and abundant biomedical data for further analysis. The aim of healthcare informatics is to ensure the high-quality, efficient healthcare, better treatment and quality of life by analyzing biomedical and healthcare data including patient’s data, electronic health records (EHRs) and lifestyle. Previously, it was a common requirement to have a domain expert to develop a model for biomedical or healthcare; however, recent advancements in representation learning algorithms allows us to automatically to develop the model. Biomedical image mining, a novel research area, due to the vast amount of available biomedical images, increasingly generates and stores digitally. These images are mainly in the form of computed tomography (CT), X-ray, nuclear medicine imaging (PET, SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. Patients’ biomedical images can be digitized using data mining techniques and may help in answering several important and critical questions relating to healthcare. Image mining in medicine can help to uncover new relationships between data and reveal new useful information that can be helpful for doctors in treating their patients. Audience Researchers in various fields including computer science, medical informatics, healthcare IOT, artificial intelligence, machine learning, image processing, clinical big data analytics.
This book presents selected research papers on current developments in the fields of soft computing and signal processing from the Third International Conference on Soft Computing and Signal Processing (ICSCSP 2020). The book covers topics such as soft sets, rough sets, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and machine learning and discusses various aspects of these topics, e.g., technological considerations, product implementation and application issues.
Praise for the First Edition:The authors take a comprehensive approach to treatment by including acupuncture, herbs and diet; the photos are good; and the cases are interesting.--The Lantern: A Journal of Traditional Chinese MedicineIn this fully up-to-date Second Edition, experts in Chinese medicine explain how traditional Chinese tongue diagnosis can be used in daily practice to complement conventional Western methods.The guide begins with a brief introduction to the history, anatomy, physiology, and methodology of tongue diagnosis followed by basic techniques and systematic procedures for identifying the manifold individual characteristics of the tongue's shape and its many modifications. Full-color photographs of tongues then demonstrate a variety of clinical scenarios to help readers develop a holistic approach to diagnosis.Features An in-depth review of the tongue's most important anatomic and physiologic features, including the lingual papillae, the tongue muscles, arterial supply, and much more More than 180 full-color illustrations and high-quality clinical photographs of Western tongues enhance the text Treatment suggestions for using acupuncture, herbs, and nutrition accompany each clinical image Medical assessment of 28 case histories with real-life photographs from the authors' practice The Second Edition of Pocket Atlas of Tongue Diagnosis is an essential resource for every practitioner or student of Chinese medicine, acupuncture, or complementary medicine.