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Mental calculations and estimations are basic, everyday skills that are essential for real-life arithmetic operations and number sense. This book presents a much needed overview and analysis of mental computation and estimation, drawing on contemporary research and empirical studies that were conducted on students, teachers and adults to cover all aspects of this complex field. Mental Computation and Estimation analyses the implications that are involved in the research, teaching and learning of mathematics and delivers effective practices that will enhance everyday learning for students. Focusing on a range of international research and studies from the School of Nature and Life Mathematics in Greece, it answers a number of important questions including: What mental calculations and estimations are, why they are important and what other mathematical concepts and cognitive behaviors are they related to? What strategies are used on mental additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions and how are multiplication tables learned? What are the new trends in the teaching of mental calculation and estimation? An invaluable resource for all those involved in the practice and research of mathematics education, Mental Computation and Estimation will also be a useful tool for researchers, policy makers and developers of educational programs.
Mental calculations and estimations are basic, everyday skills that are essential for real-life arithmetic operations and number sense. This book presents a much needed overview and analysis of mental computation and estimation, drawing on contemporary research and empirical studies that were conducted on students, teachers and adults to cover all aspects of this complex field. Mental Computation and Estimation analyses the implications that are involved in the research, teaching and learning of mathematics and delivers effective practices that will enhance everyday learning for students. Focusing on a range of international research and studies from the School of Nature and Life Mathematics in Greece, it answers a number of important questions including: What mental calculations and estimations are, why they are important and what other mathematical concepts and cognitive behaviors are they related to? What strategies are used on mental additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions and how are multiplication tables learned? What are the new trends in the teaching of mental calculation and estimation? An invaluable resource for all those involved in the practice and research of mathematics education, Mental Computation and Estimation will also be a useful tool for researchers, policy makers and developers of educational programs.
This book describes computational problems related to kernel density estimation (KDE) – one of the most important and widely used data smoothing techniques. A very detailed description of novel FFT-based algorithms for both KDE computations and bandwidth selection are presented. The theory of KDE appears to have matured and is now well developed and understood. However, there is not much progress observed in terms of performance improvements. This book is an attempt to remedy this. The book primarily addresses researchers and advanced graduate or postgraduate students who are interested in KDE and its computational aspects. The book contains both some background and much more sophisticated material, hence also more experienced researchers in the KDE area may find it interesting. The presented material is richly illustrated with many numerical examples using both artificial and real datasets. Also, a number of practical applications related to KDE are presented.
This book presents the foundations of phylogeny estimation and technical material enabling researchers to develop improved computational methods.
How does the brain represent number and make mathematical calculations? What underlies the development of numerical and mathematical abilities? What factors affect the learning of numerical concepts and skills? What are the biological bases of number knowledge? Do humans and other animals share similar numerical representations and processes? What underlies numerical and mathematical disabilities and disorders, and what is the prognosis for rehabilitation? These questions are the domain of mathematical cognition, the field of research concerned with the cognitive and neurological processes that underlie numerical and mathematical abilities. The Handbook of Mathematical Cognition is a collection of 27 essays by leading researchers that provides a comprehensive review of this important research field.
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation is devoted to a new paradigm for evolutionary computation, named estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs). This new class of algorithms generalizes genetic algorithms by replacing the crossover and mutation operators with learning and sampling from the probability distribution of the best individuals of the population at each iteration of the algorithm. Working in such a way, the relationships between the variables involved in the problem domain are explicitly and effectively captured and exploited. This text constitutes the first compilation and review of the techniques and applications of this new tool for performing evolutionary computation. Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation is clearly divided into three parts. Part I is dedicated to the foundations of EDAs. In this part, after introducing some probabilistic graphical models - Bayesian and Gaussian networks - a review of existing EDA approaches is presented, as well as some new methods based on more flexible probabilistic graphical models. A mathematical modeling of discrete EDAs is also presented. Part II covers several applications of EDAs in some classical optimization problems: the travelling salesman problem, the job scheduling problem, and the knapsack problem. EDAs are also applied to the optimization of some well-known combinatorial and continuous functions. Part III presents the application of EDAs to solve some problems that arise in the machine learning field: feature subset selection, feature weighting in K-NN classifiers, rule induction, partial abductive inference in Bayesian networks, partitional clustering, and the search for optimal weights in artificial neural networks. Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation is a useful and interesting tool for researchers working in the field of evolutionary computation and for engineers who face real-world optimization problems. This book may also be used by graduate students and researchers in computer science. `... I urge those who are interested in EDAs to study this well-crafted book today.' David E. Goldberg, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana.
Because fluency practice is not a worksheet. Fluency in mathematics is more than adeptly using basic facts or implementing algorithms. Real fluency involves reasoning and creativity, and it varies by the situation at hand. Figuring Out Fluency in Mathematics Teaching and Learning offers educators the inspiration to develop a deeper understanding of procedural fluency, along with a plethora of pragmatic tools for shifting classrooms toward a fluency approach. In a friendly and accessible style, this hands-on guide empowers educators to support students in acquiring the repertoire of reasoning strategies necessary to becoming versatile and nimble mathematical thinkers. It includes: "Seven Significant Strategies" to teach to students as they work toward procedural fluency. Activities, fluency routines, and games that encourage learning the efficiency, flexibility, and accuracy essential to real fluency. Reflection questions, connections to mathematical standards, and techniques for assessing all components of fluency. Suggestions for engaging families in understanding and supporting fluency. Fluency is more than a toolbox of strategies to choose from; it’s also a matter of equity and access for all learners. Give your students the knowledge and power to become confident mathematical thinkers.
Research on cognitive aspects of mathematical problem solving has made great progress in recent years, but the relationship of affective factors to problem-solving performance has been a neglected research area. The purpose of Affect and Mathematical Problem Solving: A New Perspective is to show how the theories and methods of cognitive science can be extended to include the role of affect in mathematical problem solving. The book presents Mandler's theory of emotion and explores its implications for the learning and teaching of mathematical problem solving. Also, leading researchers from mathematics, education, and psychology report how they have integrated affect into their own cognitive research. The studies focus on metacognitive processes, aesthetic influences on expert problem solvers, teacher decision-making, technology and teaching problem solving, and beliefs about mathematics. The results suggest how emotional factors like anxiety, frustration, joy, and satisfaction can help or hinder performance in problem solving.
Learn the most effective ways to teach elementary math, no matter how much experience you have with the subject. In this book, Fuchang Liu takes you through many common mistakes in math instruction and explains the misunderstandings behind them. He points out practices that should be avoided, helping you to adjust your lessons so that all students can achieve success. You’ll discover how to... - Increase your confidence with core math principles and reasoning - Set your students on the path toward eventually developing more complex math skills - Improve student achievement by approaching problems in logical yet creative ways - Overcome common challenges faced by students and teachers - Teach problem solving for different learning styles Every chapter reconsiders well-established ways of teaching all areas of elementary math, from addition and subtraction to statistics and graphs. Helpful examples and tips are scattered throughout the book, offering revisions to the way these topics are often presented in the classroom. Also included are group study ideas for principals and instructional coaches so your school or district can work on the book together. With this practical guide, you’ll be ready to help students truly develop their math understanding.
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