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The recent data flood has required greater and greater reliance on computational usage in plant biology. This Research Topic will focus on the utility of computational approaches across the breadth of modern plant biology with particular focus on the following areas: (i) Comparative genomics- gene family size in the green lineage (ii) Adaptive evolution - specifics of development (iii) Adaptive evolution - specifics of secondary metabolism (iv) Translational biology- co-response analysis from arabidopsis outwards (v) Conserved(and differential) transcriptional response to stress (vi) Transcriptomics databases (vii) Translatomics (ix) Proteomics- abundance (x) Proteomics- location, (xi) Proteomics- interactions (xii) Proteomics databases (xiii) he activome (xiv)Metabolite-abundance (xv) metabolite- location (xvi) Experimental flux calculations, (xvii)dvanced metabolomic technologies (xviii) metabolite databases (xix) Genome wide metabolic modelling
Aquaporins (AQPs), a class of integral membrane proteins, form channels facilitating movement of water and many other solutes. In solute transport systems of all living organisms including plants, animals and fungi, AQPs play a vital role. Plants contain a much higher number of AQP genes compared to animals, the likely consequence of genome duplication events and higher ploidy levels. As a result of duplication and subsequent diversification, plant AQPs have evolved several subfamilies with very diverse functions. Plant AQPs are highly selective for specific solutes because of their unique structural features. For instance, ar/R selectivity filters and NPA domains have been found to be key elements in governing solute permeability through the AQP channels. Combination of conserved motifs and specific amino acids influencing pore morphology appears to regulate the permeability of specific solutes such as water, urea, CO2, H2O2, boric acid, silicic acid and many more. The discovery of novel AQPs has been accelerated over the last few years with the increasing availability of genomic and transcriptomic data. The expanding number of well characterised AQPs provides opportunities to understand factors influencing water transport, nutritional uptake, and elemental balance. Homology-based search tools and phylogenetic analyses offer efficient strategies for AQP identification. Subsequent characterization can be based on different approaches involving proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomic tools. The combination of these technological advances make it possible to efficiently study the inter-dependency of AQPs, regulation through phosphorylation and reversible phosphorylation, networking with other transporters, structural features, pH gating systems, trafficking and degradation. Several studies have supported the role of AQPs in differential phenotypic responses to abiotic and biotic stress in plants. Crop improvement programs aiming for the development of cultivars with higher tolerance against stresses like drought, flooding, salinity and many biotic diseases, can explore and exploit the finely tuned AQP-regulated transport system. For instance, a promising approach in crop breeding programs is the utilization of genetic variation in AQPs for the development of stress tolerant cultivars. Similarly, transgenic and mutagenesis approaches provide an opportunity to better understand the AQP transport system with subsequent applications for the development of climate-smart drought-tolerant cultivars. The contributions to this Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic have highlighted the evolution and phylogenetic distribution of AQPs in several plant species. Numerous aspects of regulation that seek to explain AQP-mediated transport system have been addressed. These contributions will help to improve our understanding of AQPs and their role in important physiological aspects and will bring AQP research closer to practical applications.
Applied Biotechnology Strategies to Combat Plant Abiotic Stress investigates the causal molecular factors underlying the respective mechanisms orchestrated by plants to help alleviate abiotic stress in which Although knowledge of abiotic stresses in crop plants and high throughput tools and biotechnologies is avaiable, in this book, a systematic effort has been made for integrating omics interventions across major sorts of abiotic stresses with special emphasis to major food crops infused with detailed mechanistic understanding, which would furthermore help contribute in dissecting the interdisciplinary areas of omics-driven plant abiotic stress biology in a much better manner. In 32 chapters Applied Biotechnology Strategies to Combat Plant Abiotic Stress focuses on the integration of multi-OMICS biotechnologies in deciphering molecular intricacies of plant abiotic stress namely drought, salt, cold, heat, heavy metals, in major C3 and C4 food crops. Together with this, the book provides updated knowledge of common and unique set of molecular intricacies playing a vital role in coping up severe abiotic stresses in plants deploying multi-OMICS approaches This book is a valuable resource for early researchers, senior academicians, and scientists in the field of biotechnology, biochemistry, molecular biology, researchers in agriculture and, crops for human foods, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in the allied field. Describes biotechnological strategies to combat plant abiotic stress Covers the latest evidence based multipronged approaches in understanding omics perspective of stress tolerance Focuses on the integration of multi-OMICS technologies in deciphering molecular intricacies of plant abiotic stress
Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space was written in response to a request from NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications (OLMSA) to evaluate its Advanced Human Support Technology Program. This report reviews the four major areas of the program: advanced life support (ALS), environmental monitoring and control (EMC), extravehicular activities (EVA), and space human factors (SHF). The focus of this program is on long-term technology development applicable to future human long-duration space missions, such as for a hypothetical new mission to the Moon or Mars.
Greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, focusing on the production of high-value products. This book presents current research findings that cover a wide range of new technologies and novel agricultural practices, which are preconditions for successful production in a very competitive global environment.