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More than a decade on from their conception, this book reflects on the consequences of income management policies in Australia and New Zealand. Drawing on a three-year study, it explores the lived experience of those for whom core welfare benefits and services are dependent on government conceptions of ‘responsible’ behaviour. It analyses whether officially claimed positive intentions and benefits of the schemes are outweighed by negative impacts that deepen the poverty and stigma of marginalised and disadvantaged groups. This novel study considers the future of this form of welfare conditionality and addresses wider questions of fairness and social justice.
More than a decade on from their conception, this book reflects on the consequences of income management policies in Australia and New Zealand. Drawing on a three-year study, it explores the lived experience of those for whom core welfare benefits and services are dependent on government conceptions of ‘responsible’ behaviour. It analyses whether officially claimed positive intentions and benefits of the schemes are outweighed by negative impacts that deepen the poverty and stigma of marginalised and disadvantaged groups. This novel study considers the future of this form of welfare conditionality and addresses wider questions of fairness and social justice.
Income management has operated since 2007 in Australia in a number of different locations and forms. Drawing on the evaluations which have been conducted to date, this paper critically analyses the impacts and effectiveness of this scheme. It explains the different models of income management in use in Australia including the Basics Card, reviews how it is targeted and implemented, and discusses the findings of current evaluation studies, cost effectiveness, impact on child welfare and expenditure outcomes, incidents of financial harassment, and financial management skills. It concludes by considering the alternatives and presenting recommendations for reform.
"From 1 July 2010 major changes are due to be made to the way income support payments are paid to recipients in the Northern Territory, and potentially across Australia. Income management fundamentally changes the way social security benefits are paid. It will apply in blanket fashion to entire categories of recipients in regions nominated by the Minister. Yet the legislation has been passed in the absence of adequate public debate or consultation with those directly affected, and with the relevant national community organisations. This policy analysis, Compulsory Income Management: A flawed answer to a complex issue, looks at the major aspects of the scheme."--ACOSS web site.
Basic income is an innovative, powerful egalitarian response to widening global inequalities and poverty experiences in society, one that runs counter to the neoliberal transformations of modern welfare states, social security, and labor market programs. This book is the first collective volume of its kind to ask whether a basic income offers a viable solution to the income support systems in Australia and New Zealand. Though often neglected in discussions of basic income, both countries are advanced liberal democracies dominated by neoliberal transformations of the welfare state, and therefore have great potential to advance debates on the topic. The contributors' essays and case studies explore the historical basis on which a basic income program might stand in these two countries, the ideological nuances and complexities of implementing such a policy, and ideas for future development that might allow the program to be put into practice regionally and applied internationally.
" ... Income management has been a controversial part of the Australian Government?s welfare reform agenda in recent years. While various conditions have always been applied to eligibility for welfare payments, restrictions on how payments may be spent are a new development that has been criticised by some as paternalist and stigmatising. Much of the debate surrounding income management has related to the question of evidence. That is, does a sufficient body of evidence exist to justify the policy of compulsory income management? Alternatively, is there evidence of policy failure or harmful consequences arising from income management? In other words, is income management working? ..." [taken from introduction].
In Australia and New Zealand, many public projects, programs and services perform well. But these cases are consistently underexposed and understudied. We cannot properly ‘see’—let alone recognise and explain—variations in government performance when media, political and academic discourses are saturated with accounts of their shortcomings and failures, but are next to silent on their achievements. Successful Public Policy: Lessons from Australia and New Zealand helps to turn that tide. It aims to reset the agenda for teaching, research and dialogue on public policy performance. This is done through a series of close-up, in-depth and carefully chosen case study accounts of the genesis and evolution of stand-out public policy achievements, across a range of sectors within Australia and New Zealand. Through these accounts, written by experts from both countries, we engage with the conceptual, methodological and theoretical challenges that have plagued extant research seeking to evaluate, explain and design successful public policy. Studies of public policy successes are rare—not just in Australia and New Zealand, but the world over. This book is embedded in a broader project exploring policy successes globally; its companion volume, Great Policy Successes (edited by Paul ‘t Hart and Mallory Compton), is published by Oxford University Press (2019).
The engagement of Indigenous Australians in economic activity is a matter of long-standing public concern and debate. Jon Altman has been intellectually engaged with Indigenous economic activity for almost 40 years, most prominently through his elaboration of the concept of the hybrid economy, and most recently through his sustained and trenchant critique of policy. He has inspired others also to engage with these important issues, both through his writing and through his position as the foundation Director of The Australian National University’s Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy research from 1990 to 2010. The year 2014 saw both Jon’s 60th birthday and his retirement from CAEPR. This collection of essays marks those events. Contributors include long?standing colleagues from the disciplines of economics, anthropology and political science, and younger scholars who have been inspired by Jon’s approach in developing their own research projects. All point to the complexity as well as the importance of engaging with Indigenous economic activity — conceptually, empirically and as a strategic concern for public policy.
This review was established to provide recommendations to the Prime Minister to ensure Indigenous training and employment services are properly targeted and administered to connect unemployed Indigenous people with real and sustainable jobs. In particular, the review was to consider creating sustainable employment outcomes and programme effectiveness and costs. This report presents the findings and recommendations of the review, which took an 'end-to-end' approach to addressing disadvantage and promoting parity - including prenatal services and empowering communities, as well as building employer demand, employment and relocation incentives, and breaking the welfare cycle.
This report presents the final evaluation findings of a new government income management scheme operating in the Northern Territory - New Income Management (NIM). Income management - the 'quarantining' a portion of a person's income support payment and restricting how this can be spent - was first introduced in 2007 as part of the Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) in Indigenous communities. In August 2010, the scheme was revised and expanded to form the NIM scheme. It features four streams, targeting long-term income support recipients of working age, vulnerable groups, people in contact with child protection authorities, and voluntary participants. The evaluation was commissioned to assess the impact of the scheme on clients, the effectiveness of the implementation, and the cost-effectiveness of the model, and to inform future policy development. The evaluation was undertaken from 2010 to 2014, with initial findings published in 2012 in the First Evaluation Report.