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The east-to-west oriented Arkoma Basin is a peripheral foreland basin or depositional trough that developed during the Carboniferous Period. This formation covers an aerial extent of approximately 33,800 square miles and spans from west-central Arkansas into southeastern Oklahoma (McGilvery, Manger, and Zachry, 2016; Perry, 1995). The Atoka Formation, deposited during the early Pennsylvanian, is the largest Paleozoic formation by aerial extent in the state of Arkansas and is located within and comprises the bulk of Arkoma Basin sediments (McFarland, 2004; Nance, 2018). This formation has been informally divided into three divisions, the lower, middle, and upper, based on their stratigraphic response to differing tectonic processes. A tectonostratigraphic interpretation was made for each division of the Atoka Formation using high resolution cross sections; correlated using well log, seismic, and surface data. Five condensed regional transects were constructed that aided in the development of a cross section "grid" meant to represent the deep marine to shallow marine depositional hinge lines. Each of the three Atoka divisions have a different dominant depositional force. The Lower Atoka deposition was dominated by eustasy, and with sediment supply from the start of Arkoma Basin tectonics, the middle division was dominated by tectonic subsidence and the upper was dominated by sediment supply. The transition between the Atoka divisions and the magnitude of migration between each deep marine hinge line indicates the progradation of the Upper Atoka depositional cycles occurred more rapidly than the retrogradation of the Middle Atoka. The maximum flooding of the formation occurred within the Middle Atoka's uppermost informal member, the Morris Member. The Lower Atoka was deposited on an extensive tectonically stable structural platform, which is supported by no lithostratigraphic transition to deep marine deposits within this project's study area. The deep marine deposition is characterized by shales encapsulating tumultuously distributed and isolated sandstone complexes. These sandstone complexes are not correlated to the shallow marine sandstones by anything but a condensed geologic timeline.
Arkoma basin is a prolific natural gas basin. The defining feature of this basin is the Atoka Formation that was deposited in the early-middle Pennsylvanian. The Atoka is held equivalent to the tectonic and structural evolution of the basin. This study focuses on one of the many gas fields in the Arkoma Basin in Arkansas to assess the stratigraphic and structural evolution that the strata in this particular field display. Aetna Gas Field extends from T. 8N. R. 27 W to T. 9 N, R. 27 W and T. 8 N, R. 26 W to 8N, R. 27. Geographically, Aetna field covers parts of Franklin, Johnson and Logan counties. It is one of the pioneer gas fields in the Arkoma Basin. First discovery of gas in Aetna Field was made in March 1928. The first three producing wells were completed in the upper Carpenter and middle Alma sands of the middle Atoka Formation. An analysis of structures and stratigraphy of the gas field through well log correlations reveal a combination trap for the gas. Using IHS Petra, stratigraphic correlations were performed on 49 wells in 10 cross sections. The wells selected were sorted by several criteria. Gamma ray logs were given priority. Stratigraphic tops were determined for correlation purposes. The stratigraphic tops were picked and correlated. The middle Atoka Formation was addressed exclusively for the purpose of this study. Structural analysis indicates an arch-and-trough setting that led to gas accumulation in this field. The stratigraphic analysis confirms a thickening to the south following the general southern thickening trend of Atoka Formation in the Arkoma Basin.
"The Appalachians constitute one of Earth's major tectonic features and have served as a springboard for innovative geologic thought for more than 170 years. This volume contains 36 original papers reporting the results of research performed throughout nearly the entire length and breadth of the Appalachian region, including all major provinces and geographical areas. Memoir 206 was designed to commemorate the (near-)fortieth anniversary of the publication of the classic Studies of Appalachian Geology volumes that appeared just prior to the application of plate tectonic concepts to the region. Contributions concerning structural evolution, sedimentation, stratigraphy, magmatic processes, metamorphism, tectonics, and terrane accretion illustrate the wide range of ongoing research in the area and collectively serve to mark the considerable progress in scientific thought that has occurred during the past four decades."--pub. desc.