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This book reviews the economic literature on cooperative investment in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. It additionally proposes innovative models for estimating the level of competition and investment in the fixed telephony market and the retail market for newspapers. In doing so, it addresses two hotly debated issues in business strategy and economic policy: the determinants of investment and competition and the impacts of innovative investment schemes. The first chapter reviews the literature on new cooperative investment schemes in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. The effects on competition, investment and welfare of such schemes crucially depend on the details of the agreements. For instance, in the case of joint-ventures, the manner in which investment costs are shared and internal and external access prices are determined significantly impacts the outcome. In the case of long-term access agreements, it is essential to consider how access tariffs are structured, whether they can adapt to market developments ex-post, and whether contracts are signed before or after the investment takes place. Generally, many of these agreements allow for some extent of risk sharing, offering the possibility of increasing investment incentives when firms are not risk neutral. It is suggested that regulators consider introducing regulated co-investment agreements complementing current regulation, in addition to considering geographically segmented access prices. The second chapter assesses entry and competition in local retail markets for newspapers. It builds on the new empirical industrial organisation (NEIO) literature to estimate sustainable coverage and competitive effects of entry for Swiss newspaper sellers which sell composite goods (newspapers, food and other goods of daily use). An entry threshold ratio methodology is used, allowing for model estimation even when the range of products under examination is not exactly defined and when price and quantity data are not available. It is found that under duopoly prices the market size of a Commune required for single firm entry is about twice as large as under monopoly prices. A clear and quantifiable trade-off between competition and investment therefore exists. Moreover, it is found that while a second entrant in this market strongly increases competition, further entry doesn’t have a significant additional competitive effect. From a welfare perspective, therefore, it can be stated that “two is enough” to ensure competition in this market. In the third chapter, competition and market strategies in the Swiss fixed telephony market are assessed. A market model based on a generalised version of the traditional “dominant firm – competitive fringe” model, is developed. Direct estimation of the incumbent’s intertemporal residual demand function is performed by instrumenting the market price with incumbent-specific cost shifting variables, as well as other variables. The concrete estimates show that residual retail demand for voice traffic is highly inelastic. Such a level of elasticity is only compatible with a profit maximising incumbent in the case of largely competitive conduct. It is therefore found that the Swiss incumbent acted largely competitively, and that current regulated telephony retail price caps could not be justified on the basis of a lack of competition.
This book provides a critical comprehensive summary of the coevolution of telecom markets, rules and public institutions over the last 25 years, focusing on the challenges that regulators and policy makers have been facing. Even if the perspective of the book is European (as the EU regulatory framework is examined), most of the economic and institutional issues addressed are common to all telecom markets in advanced economies. The book addresses some traditional fundamental topics in the telecom regulation literature, as well as some hot-button topics in the current policy debate, e.g., ultrafast broadband and 5G networks, the relationship between investments and competition, the sector digitalisation and the role of OTTs. All these are relevant to students, researchers, and policy makers interested to get a sound understanding of the sector, its many dimensions and coevolutionary patterns.
"Mody ties together much of the book with the currently compelling concept of globalization. For scholars it provides a wealth of current references and sketches a historical overview that is mostly absent in other volumes that attempt a summary like this one." —COMMUNICATION RESEARCH TRENDS International and Development Communication: A 21st Century Perspective examines the exciting field of international and development communication and illustrates how this field of study is composed and how it has grown. Derived from the successful Handbook of International and Intercultural Communication, Second Edition, this book opens with an updated and expanded introduction by Bella Mody, showcasing the effects of globalization, and contains those chapters from the Handbook that deal with international and development communication. International and Development Communication provides a historical perspective and a contemporary analysis of the field of international communication and its application to development communication. The book examines how communication media and telecommunications are considered central to globalization and to national development, and discusses globalization in history, the role of media, changes in structural biases of media and telecommunication institutions, national forces of capitalism, and biases in international and development communication messages. provides a historical perspective and a contemporary analysis of the field of international communication and its application to development communication. The book examines how communication media and telecommunications are considered central to globalization and to national development, and discusses globalization in history, the role of media, changes in structural biases of media and telecommunication institutions, national forces of capitalism, and biases in international and development communication messages. The book, divided into two parts, revolves around media institutions and the conditions under which they have been used by the state and private capital. Part One covers international communication and presents the thinking of several well-known authors from areas such as South Asia, East Asia, Europe, and North America. Part Two focuses on development communication applications by various active researchers and professors, drawn from Latin America, South Asia, and North America. With contributions from experts in the field, each part of the book begins with a chapter on theories and closes with one on issues. Chapters within each part examine the distinct and broadly recognized topics of research within each area, such as media corporations in the age of globalization, transnational advertising, the global-local dialectic and polysemic effects, development communication campaigns, communication technology and development, and international development communication.
This book presents the most thoroughgoing model yet offered to ensure the emergence of a genuinely competitive electronic communications industry in Europe. In the course of its in-depth analysis the discussion focuses on such factors as the following: EU telecommunications policy as revealed in liberalization and harmonization legislative measures; the EU electronic communications framework; case law covering issues of refusal to supply and the essential facilities doctrine; application of Article 82 EC to bottlenecks; specific types of an undertakings unilateral behaviour that may often occupy NRAs and competition authorities in the context of their ex post competition law investigations under Article 82 EC; strategic alliances and mergers in the move toward multimedia; access to premium content and the emergence of new media; the scope of content regulation in the online environment; and broadband (regulation of local loop unbundling and bitstream access). The book also provides practical guidance on issues concerning the complicated market definition and analysis mechanism promulgated by the European Commission's Recommendation and Guidelines.
This report from the Select Committee on Communications calls for a reduction in the time allowed for advertisements on commercial broadcasting channels. Existing regulation of the market is no longer relevant in the digital age and doesn't serve the best interests of viewers. The Code on Scheduling of Television Advertising should be harmonised to level the playing field between public service and commercial broadcasters when Digital Switchover happens in 2012. It is the Committee's view that a reduction in the quantity of advertising airtime that broadcasters are allowed to sell would greatly improve the viewer experience and would be fairer to the public service broadcasters - ITV 1, Channel 4 and Channel 5 - who are limited more than all other commercial channels at the moment. All channels should be allowed an average of 7 minutes per hour, appropriate peak time maximum to be determined after research from Ofcom. The Committee has also looked at specific regulations which affect ITV 1, known as the Contract Rights Renewal undertakings. These undertakings should be removed as long as they are replaced with binding undertakings from ITV plc to invest an appropriate proportion of any additional revenues from advertising in creating UK originated programming and training. The Committee is calling on ITV's bosses to deliver on the commitments they have made to the Committee - to increase its investment on quality, UK originated programming in return for the removal of CRR and also to invest in training within the industry.
Competitive Strategy for Media Firms introduces the concepts and analytical frameworks of strategic and brand management, and illustrates how they can be adapted according to the characteristics of distinct media products. Working from the premise that all media firms must strategize in response to the continuing evolution of new media, author Sylvia M. Chan-Olmsted offers applications of common business approaches to the products and components of the electronic media industry, and provides empirical examinations of broadcast, multichannel media, enhanced television, broadband communications, and global media conglomerate markets. This insightful and timely volume provides a thorough review of current concepts and industry practices, and serves as an essential primer for the application of business models in media contexts. As a realistic and integrated approach to media industry studies, this volume has much to offer researchers, scholars, and graduate students in media economics and management, and will be an important reference for industry practitioners.
"This is the best all-around media law text for undergraduate and graduate students alike. The clear, nonthreatening writing style of the authors, by itself, sets this book apart. And yet, it does so by not leaving out any important areas of inquiry. That’s why my colleagues and I continue to adopt this for all of our media law classes." —Jonathan Kotler, University of Southern California In The Law of Journalism and Mass Communication, authors Susan Dente Ross, Amy Reynolds, and Robert Trager present a lively, up-to-date, and comprehensive introduction to media law that brings the law to life for future professional communicators. The book is grounded in the traditions and rules of law but also contains fresh facts and relevant examples that keep readers engaged. Tightly focused breakout boxes highlight contemporary examples of the law in action or emphasize central points of law as well as intersections with international law and policy. The thoroughly updated Seventh Edition contains a wealth of new content that is as timely as possible—from the U.S. Supreme Court, federal and state courts, Congress, executive agencies, federal and state policymakers and advisory groups, and media organizations and allies. A refreshed look, feel, and flow of chapters provide readers an understanding of fast-expanding areas of the law and legal complexities.
National broadcasting and press regulation is undergoing a process of convergence in Europe. This book, newly available in paperback, explains how this process has been shaped by the actions of the European Union (EU) institutions.Alison Harcourt observes that whilst communications is one of the EU's most successful policy areas, European decision-making is eroding the national capacity to regulate for the public interest. European-level efforts to protect public interest goals have been constrained by the European Treaties. The author argues that increased European coordination in public interest regulation could be more conducive to growth and competitiveness than the dismantling of existing national laws. This, however, would require changes to the political composition of the European Union.This book assesses the potential EU media regulation provides for market growth and the protection of media pluralism, the citizen and ultimately democracy itself. These opportunities are presented in the coming decade with the developing European Constitution, EU enlargement, and the implementation and revision of European regulation.
Corporations and Cultural Industries: Time Warner, Bertelsmann, and News Corporation, by Scott Warren Fitzgerald, provides an introduction to the political economy of international media corporations. This text fills a fundamental gap in the critical media studies field, expanding on the relative paucity of academic studies. To ground the discussion, Fitzgerald focuses on the growth of three specific media conglomerates: Time Warner, Bertelsmann and News Corporation. Adopting an approach rooted in critical political economy, the book explains the corporations' growth through an engagement with broader social theories: the wider conditions of capital accumulation (especially theories of corporate competition and financialization); issues of institutional logic and corporate strategies; and the role of states as regulators, mediators of opposed interests, and facilitators of corporate expansion. The first section presents debates in social theory, addressing issues that pertain to cultural industries and dimensions in which they both challenge and extend these wider social theories. The second section presents detailed case studies of the three contemporary media 'mega companies' across the range of operations they coordinate, both within and outside the cultural industries. By analyzing the specifics and complexities of different media industries, Corporations and Cultural Industries examines how financialization processes re-gear the internal operations of media corporations in a manner that pits one sector against another. This book provides an in-depth study that can be used as stand-alone teaching resources or as a valuable supplement to a variety of media courses.