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According to UNESCO's statistics, the number of illiterates in the world is verging on one million. A conservative estimate of the number of children who have no access to schooling brings that figure to more than one hundred million. School failure, brought about by overcrowding, poor facilities, unqualified teachers, and lack of materials only adds to the problem. The authors in this volume cover the many facets of the fight for literacy.
This book reveals the development of students' understanding of statistical literacy. It provides a way to "see" student thinking and gives readers a deeper sense of how students think about important statistical topics. Intended as a complement to curriculum documents and textbook series, it is consistent with the current principles and standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. The term "statistical literacy" is used to emphasize that the purpose of the school curriculum should not be to turn out statisticians but to prepare statistically literate school graduates who are prepared to participate in social decision making. Based on ten years of research--with reference to other significant research as appropriate--the book looks at students' thinking in relation to tasks based on sampling, graphical representations, averages, chance, beginning inference, and variation, which are essential to later work in formal statistics. For those students who do not proceed to formal study, as well as those who do, these concepts provide a basis for decision making or questioning when presented with claims based on data in societal settings. Statistical Literacy at School: Growth and Goals: *establishes an overall framework for statistical literacy in terms of both the links to specific school curricula and the wider appreciation of contexts within which chance and data-handling ideas are applied; *demonstrates, within this framework, that there are many connections among specific ideas and constructs; *provides tasks, adaptable for classroom or assessment use, that are appropriate for the goals of statistical literacy; *presents extensive examples of student performance on the tasks, illustrating hierarchies of achievement, to assist in monitoring gains and meeting the goals of statistical literacy; and *includes a summary of analysis of survey data that suggests a developmental hierarchy for students over the years of schooling with respect to the goal of statistical literacy. Statistical Literacy at School: Growth and Goals is directed to researchers, curriculum developers, professionals, and students in mathematics education as well those across the curriculum who are interested in students' cognitive development within the field; to teachers who want to focus on the concepts involved in statistical literacy without the use of formal statistical techniques; and to statisticians who are interested in the development of student understanding before students are exposed to the formal study of statistics.
"This book is a history of East Central Europe since the late eighteenth century, the region of Europe between German central Europe and Russia in the East. Connelly argues the region, for which it is frequently hard to define exact boundaries and which is sometimes treated country-by-country in a way seemingly separate from the broader trends of European history, was one of shared experience despite most of the peoples being divided by linguistic, geographic, and political barriers. Beginning in the 1780s, an unwitting Habsburg monarch -- Joseph II -- decreed that his subjects would use only German, as he hoped to mold a common nationality using German over the disparate subjects. Instead, he unleashed the energies and struggle for the emergence of new nations that pitted small peoples armed with an idea against empires. The author argues that the underlying national self-assertion which emerged under imperial rule in the eighteen and nineteenth centuries shows deep connections to subsequent histories, to the creation of nation states of the regions after World War I, the failure of democratic rule in these states during the interwar years, the submersion of the region under Nazi then Soviet rule after 1939, and to the reinvention of sovereign states (and then the break up of two of them) after 1989. The book interconnects major themes and country histories for first time, chronicling this diverse region over many generations, from the time of Joseph, through democratic and socialist revolutions, genocide and Stalinism, through civil society movements struggling for liberal democracy, into our own day, when illiberal politicians come to power by exploiting very old fears"--
Unique in that it collects, presents, and synthesizes cutting edge research on different aspects of statistical reasoning and applies this research to the teaching of statistics to students at all educational levels, this volume will prove of great value to mathematics and statistics education researchers, statistics educators, statisticians, cognitive psychologists, mathematics teachers, mathematics and statistics curriculum developers, and quantitative literacy experts in education and government.