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It is a pleasure to present this work, which has been well received in German-speaking countries through four editions, to the English-speaking reader. We feel that this is a unique publication in that it contains valuable material that cannot easily-if at all-be found elsewhere. We are grateful to the authors for reading through the English version of the text, and for responding promptly (for the most part) to our queries. Several authors have supplied us, on their own initiative or at our suggestion, with revised and updated manuscripts and with supplementary English references. We have striven to achieve a translation of Handbuch for Sternfreunde which accurately presents the qualitative and quantitative scientific principles con tained within each chapter while maintaining the flavor of the original Ger man text. Where appropriate, we have inserted footnotes to clarify material which may have a different meaning and/or application in English-speaking countries from that in Germany. When the first English edition of this work, Astronomy: A Handbook (translated by the late A. Beer), appeared in 1975, it contained 21 chapters. This new edition is over twice the length and contains 28 authored chap ters in three volumes. At Springer's request, we have devised a new title, Compendium of Practical Astronomy, to more accurately reflect the broad spectrum of topics and the vast body of information contained within these pages.
PREFACE. THE present volume is the first of a projected series having the double purpose of developing the elements of Practical and Theoretical Astronomy for the special student of the subject, ancl of serving as a handbook of convenient reference for the use of the - cvorlcing astronomer in applying methods and fornlulae. lhe plan of the series has been suggested by the authors experience as a teacher at the Johns Hopkins Uni versity, and as an invest. igator. The first has led him to thc view that the wants of the student are best subserved by a quite elementary and condensed treatment of the subject, without any attempt to go far into details not admitting of immediate practical application. As an investigator he has frequently been impressed with the amount of time consumed id searching for the formulae and data, even of an elementary kind, which should be, in each case, best adapted to the work in hand. The most urgent want which the work is intended to supply is that of improved methods of deriving and reducing the positions. and proper motions of the fixed stars. Nodifications of the older methods are made necessary by the long period, 150 years, through which positions of the ahrs now have to be reduced, and by the extension of a tromctrica1 and statistical researches to a great and constantly increasing number of telescopic stars. Especial attention has therefore been given to devising the most expeditious and rigorous methods of trigonornetric reduction of star positions, and to the construction of tables to facilihte the work. Other features of the work arc A condensed treatment of the theory of errors of observation and of thc method of least squares an attempt to presentthe theory of astronornical refraction in a concise and elementary form witllout dctracting from rigour of treatment a new dovcloplncnt of the theory of precession, now rendered necessary by the long period through which star places have to be reduced the basing of formulae relating to celestial coordinates on the new values of the constants now used in the national ephernerides a concise developlrient of the rigorous theory of proper motions the trigonometric reduction of polar stars to apprent place, and the development of what the author deems the most advantageous methods of correcting and com bining observed positions of stars as found in catalogucs. Although the theory of astronomical instruments is not in cluded within the scope of the present work, it is necessary, in using star catalogues, to understand the inethods of deriving the results therein found from observations. The principles of the ideal transit instrument and meridian circle, omitting all details arising from imperfections of the instrument, nie elegant and simplc, and at the same tiine sufficient for the purpose in question. They are therefore briefly set forth in the chapter on deriving mean positions of stars from meridian observations. A pedagogical feature of the work is the ort to give objective reality to geometric conceptions in every branch of the subject. Ihe deduction of results by purely algebraic processes is therefore always supplemented, when convenient, by geometric construction. Whenever such a construction is represented on the celestial sphere, the latter is, in the absence of any reason to the contrary, shown as seen from the . centre, so that the figure shows thc sky as one actually looks up atit. Exceptions to this are some times necessary when planes and axes of reference have to be studied in connection with their relation to the sphere...
From the longest running column in Scientific American's history comes this collection of fascinating projects for amateur astronomers For over seventy years, "The Amateur Scientist" column in Scientific American has helped people explore their world and make original discoveries. This collection of both classic and recent articles presents projects for amateur astronomers at all levels. Hands-on astronomy fans will find how to build inexpensive astronomical instruments using ordinary shop-tools. From making a telescope to predicting satellite orbits to detecting the chemical composition of faraway stars, this book has something for everyone interested in practical astronomy.
Excerpt from A Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy, Vol. 1: Embracing the General Problems of Spherical Astronomy, the Special, Applications to Nautical Astronomy, and the Theory, and Use of Fixed and Portable Appendix Instruments, With an Appendix on the Method of Least Squares The Gaussian method of reducing circummeridian alti tudes of the sun by referring them to the instant of the sun's maximum altitude, is in this work rigorously investi gated, and a small term, overlooked or disregarded by gauss, has been added to the formula. A new and brief approximative method of finding the latitude by two altitudes near the meridian when the time is not known, is given in Vol. 1. Arts. 195 and 204, and another by three altitudes near the meridian, in Art. 205, which will probably be found useful as nautical methods. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Offering practical advice on a range of wavelengths, this highly accessible and self-contained book presents a broad overview of astronomical instrumentation, techniques, and tools. Drawing on the notes and lessons of the authors’ established graduate course, the text reviews basic concepts in astrophysics, spectroscopy, and signal analysis. It includes illustrative problems and case studies and aims to provide readers with a toolbox for observational capabilities across the electromagnetic spectrum and the knowledge to understand which tools are best suited to different observations. It is an ideal guide for undergraduates and graduates studying astronomy. Features: Presents a self-contained account of a highly complex subject. Offers practical advice and instruction on a wide range of wavelengths and tools. Includes case studies and problems for further learning opportunities.