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The 1987 Princeton Workshop on Algorithm, Architecture and Technology Issues for Models of Concurrent Computation was organized as an interdisciplinary work shop emphasizing current research directions toward concurrent computing systems. With participants from several different fields of specialization, the workshop cov ered a wide variety of topics, though by no means a complete cross section of issues in this rapidly moving field. The papers included in this book were prepared for the workshop and, taken together, provide a view of the broad range of issues and alternative directions being explored. To organize the various papers, the book has been divided into five parts. Part I considers new technology directions. Part II emphasizes underlying theoretical issues. Communication issues, which are ad dressed in the majority of papers, are specifically highlighted in Part III. Part IV includes papers stressing the fault tolerance and reliability of systems. Finally, Part V includes systems-oriented papers, where the system ranges from VLSI circuits through powerful parallel computers. Much of the initial planning of the workshop was completed through an informal AT&T Bell Laboratories group consisting of Mehdi Hatamian, Vijay Kumar, Adri aan Ligtenberg, Sailesh Rao, P. Subrahmanyam and myself. We are grateful to Stuart Schwartz, both for the support of Princeton University and for his orga nizing local arrangements for the workshop, and to the members of the organizing committee, whose recommendations for participants and discussion topics were par ticularly helpful. A. Rosenberg, and A. T.
This book is a revision of my Ph. D. thesis dissertation submitted to Carnegie Mellon University in 1987. It documents the research and results of the compiler technology developed for the Warp machine. Warp is a systolic array built out of custom, high-performance processors, each of which can execute up to 10 million floating-point operations per second (10 MFLOPS). Under the direction of H. T. Kung, the Warp machine matured from an academic, experimental prototype to a commercial product of General Electric. The Warp machine demonstrated that the scalable architecture of high-peiformance, programmable systolic arrays represents a practical, cost-effective solu tion to the present and future computation-intensive applications. The success of Warp led to the follow-on iWarp project, a joint project with Intel, to develop a single-chip 20 MFLOPS processor. The availability of the highly integrated iWarp processor will have a significant impact on parallel computing. One of the major challenges in the development of Warp was to build an optimizing compiler for the machine. First, the processors in the xx A Systolic Array Optimizing Compiler array cooperate at a fine granularity of parallelism, interaction between processors must be considered in the generation of code for individual processors. Second, the individual processors themselves derive their performance from a VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) instruction set and a high degree of internal pipelining and parallelism. The compiler contains optimizations pertaining to the array level of parallelism, as well as optimizations for the individual VLIW processors.
In November 1989 we organised a workshop on software re-use, inviting members of the leading research teams across Europe. In retrospect, we realise that we missed a few research teams out, but nevertheless we did have a very fruitful workshop. This book is the outcome of that meeting. Prior to the workshop, teams submitted short position papers, and at the workshop made very short presentations of these. Most of the time was spent in four parallel sessions, and the reports of these sessions are given in Chapter 2. After the workshop we invited the attendees to revise and resubmit their papers in the light of the workshop, and it is these updated papers that appear in Chapter 4 onwards. The papers are in alphabetical order of first author. To complete this text we have added an introduction to software re-use as a first chapter-this was prepared by Liesbeth Dusink. We have added a comprehensive bibliography as Chapter 3, merging the bibliographies accumulated at Delft and at Brunei. To be able to organise the workshop we were sponsored by SERC, the Software Engineering Research Centre in Utrecht, Netherlands. November 1990 Liesbeth Dusink Pat Hall Contents Ust of Contributors . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi . . . .
The theme of the symposium, computation and cognition, was designed to explore the relations between very different modes of computation, and to bring together views of the computation process from different disciplines.
This volume presents the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Data Organization and Algorithms, FODO '93, held in Evanston, Illinois. FODO '93 reflects the maturing of the database field which hasbeen driven by the enormous growth in the range of applications for databasesystems. The "non-standard" applications of the not-so-distant past, such ashypertext, multimedia, and scientific and engineering databases, now provide some of the central motivation for the advances in hardware technology and data organizations and algorithms. The volume contains 3 invited talks, 22 contributed papers, and 2 panel papers. The contributed papers are grouped into parts on multimedia, access methods, text processing, query processing, industrial applications, physical storage, andnew directions.
In general, distributed systems can be classified into Distributed File Systems (DFS) and Distributed Operating Systems (DOS). The survey which follows distinguishes be tween DFS approaches in Chapters 2-3, and DOS approaches in Chapters 4-5. Within DFS and DOS, I further distinguish "traditional" and object-oriented approaches. A traditional approach is one where processes are the active components in the systems and where the name space is hierarchically organized. In a centralized environment, UNIX would be a good example of a traditional approach. On the other hand, an object-oriented approach deals with objects in which all information is encapsulated. Some systems of importance do not fit into the DFS/DOS classification. I call these systems "closely related" and put them into Chapter 6. Chapter 7 contains a table of comparison. This table gives a lucid overview summarizing the information provided and allowing for quick access. The last chapter is added for the sake of completeness. It contains very brief descriptions of other related systems. These systems are of minor interest or do not provide transparency at all. Sometimes I had to assign a system to this chapter simply for lack of adequate information about it.
The broadening of interest in parellel computing and transputers is reflected in this text. Topics covered include: concurrent programming; graphics and image processing; and robotics and control. It is based on the proceedings of the 6th Australian Transputer and Occam User Group.
Developing correct and efficient software is far more complex for parallel and distributed systems than it is for sequential processors. Some of the reasons for this added complexity are: the lack of a universally acceptable parallel and distributed programming paradigm, the criticality of achieving high performance, and the difficulty of writing correct parallel and distributed programs. These factors collectively influence the current status of parallel and distributed software development tools efforts. Tools and Environments for Parallel and Distributed Systems addresses the above issues by describing working tools and environments, and gives a solid overview of some of the fundamental research being done worldwide. Topics covered in this collection are: mainstream program development tools, performance prediction tools and studies; debugging tools and research; and nontraditional tools. Audience: Suitable as a secondary text for graduate level courses in software engineering and parallel and distributed systems, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.
This volume contains a collection of papers presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on ·Testing and Diagnosis of VLSI and ULSI" held at Villa Olmo, Como (Italy) June 22 -July 3,1987. High Density technologies such as Very-Large Scale Integration (VLSI), Wafer Scale Integration (WSI) and the not-so-far promises of Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI), have exasperated the problema associated with the testing and diagnosis of these devices and systema. Traditional techniques are fast becoming obsolete due to unique requirements such as limited controllability and observability, increasing execution complexity for test vector generation and high cost of fault simulation, to mention just a few. New approaches are imperative to achieve the highly sought goal of the • three months· turn around cycle time for a state-of-the-art computer chip. The importance of testing and diagnostic processes is of primary importance if costs must be kept at acceptable levels. The objective of this NATO-ASI was to present, analyze and discuss the various facets of testing and diagnosis with respect to both theory and practice. The contents of this volume reflect the diversity of approaches currently available to reduce test and diagnosis time. These approaches are described in a concise, yet clear way by renowned experts of the field. Their contributions are aimed at a wide readership: the uninitiated researcher will find the tutorial chapters very rewarding. The expert wiII be introduced to advanced techniques in a very comprehensive manner.