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The purpose of the study was to address the three limitations of previous research as identified by the Western Region W-139 Technical Committee (1980). First, specific hypotheses were tested. Second, through hypotheses testing, understanding was gained of energy conservation behavior and energy problem perceptions. Third, the sample size was large enough to allow for detailed statistical analysis of the influence of housing tenure as outlined in the objectives of the W-159 Western Region Project. The Oregon data from the Western Regional Project W-159: "Consequences of Energy Conservation Policies for Western Region Households" were used. Data were collected in March 1981 by mail questionnaire from the stratified (50% rural/50% urban) random sample of 1503 Oregonians. The data base consisted of 812 responses, 118 from Oregon renters and 694 from nonrenters. Chi square statistical tests were used to test relationships between energy-related beliefs and home energy conservation behavior and between three belief requirements and actual behavior. The results of the chi square tests indicated: 1) renters and nonrenters both felt there is a serious energy problem, 2) renters significantly felt their homes to be less energy efficient and in need of more improvement than did nonrenters, 3) renters and nonrenters opposed requiring home thermostats for heating to be set no higher than 65°F in the winter, 4) renters more strongly favored while nonrenters more strongly opposed the requirement to set home thermostats for cooling no lower than 78°F in the summer, 5) renters and nonrenters favored providing larger tax credits for improving home energy efficiency, 6) renters and nonrenters significantly differed in their addition of structural energy-saving measures with nonrenters adding and renters not adding these measures, 7) renters and nonrenters did not significantly differ in their effort toward no-cost energy-saving measures; both renters and nonrenters did these efforts, 8) there were significant relationships between renters' and nonrenters' beliefs about the three policy requirements and their actual behavior. Understanding renters' energy beliefs and conservation behavior can benefit local and state government planners and housing officials, Oregon legislators, utility companies, educators, and researchers.
The purpose of this study was to further the understanding of two types of renter households' energy problem belief and energy conservation behaviors. The theoretical framework for this study was Niemeyer's (1982) model of energy adjustment. Niemeyer found that resource constraints were the significant factors in the number of existing energy-saving features in the dwelling. The 1983 Western States regional data from the Western Regional Project W-159: "Consequences of Energy Conservation Policies for Western Region Households," were used for this study. Pearson correlations and analysis of covariance statistical tests provided a method for identifying differences between jointly-headed households' and female-headed households' energy problem "belief and home energy conservation behaviors. Frequency distributions were run on unweighted data in order to describe the respondents by demographic characteristics. The sample consisted mostly of jointly-headed households (64.1%). The mean age of jointly-headed households and female-headed households was 39.8 and 43.3 years respectively. Most jointly-headed households and female-headed households had "some college" education. The median income of jointly-headed households fell within the range from $20,000 to $25,000, compared to female-headed households which was within the $10,000 to $15,000 range. The majority of jointly-headed households (54.1%) had children, while the majority of female-headed households (77.8%) had no children. The jointly-headed households and female-headed households believed differently about the energy problem in the United States when controlled for age (p=.026), education (p=.003), and income (p=.046). This study also hypothesized that the type of renter household (jointly-headed vs female-headed) might make a difference in home energy conservation behaviors. Testing revealed a significant difference between jointly-headed and female-headed households on the mean number of home energy conservation behaviors reported, when controlled for age (p=.000), number of children (p=.019), and type of household (p=.000) These findings could contribute to the energy conservation research and programs developed by housing educators, researchers, and governmental housing planners.
America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities.
Energy used by Oregon single-family homes that can be saved through cost-effective improvements. Prepared by Eric Wilson and Noel Merket, NREL, and Erin Boyd, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis.
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