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The Commission's report makes recommendations to the Civil Aviation Authority on the maximum level of airport charges that can be levied at Heathrow and Gatwick airports for the five year period 2008-2013, as well as examining whether either company operated against the public interest in the charges they levied during the period 2002-2007 or through other operational activities. On the basis of the assumptions set out in the report, the Commission recommends i) a maximum opening yield of £10.19 per passenger at Heathrow with charges subsequently increasing at no more than RPI +7.5; and ii) a maximum opening yield of £5.50 per passenger at Gatwick with charges subsequently increasing at no more than RPI -0.5. The recommended levels are significantly below those put forward by BAA, although they are above those proposed by the airlines. The Commission argues that these charges will enable BAA to implement its plans to improve facilities and levels of service at both airports for the benefits of airlines, passengers and other airport users.
EBOOK: Behavioral Corporate Finance, 2/e
Revenue and expenditure forecasting plays an important role in public budgeting and financial management, particularly during times of financial constraint, when citizens impose greater accountability upon government to use taxpayer dollars more efficiently. Despite its significance, revenue and expenditure forecasting is often overlooked in the budget process, and there is an imbalance between practice and research in this area. Based on the collaboration of budget scholars and practitioners, Government Budget Forecasting fulfills two purposes: Enhances the understanding of revenue and expenditure estimation both theoretically and practically Stimulates dialogue and debate among practitioners and academicians to identify good forecast practices as well as areas for improvement Divided into four parts, this comprehensive reference first examines forecast practices at the federal, state, and local levels, drawing on case studies that include California, Texas, and Louisiana. It then explores consensus systems and risk assessment, considering political factors and the costs of forecast errors. The text concludes with a call to transparency and guidance from a code of ethics, and a look at forecasting practices in emerging countries.
The new student edition of the definitive reference on urban planning and design Planning and Urban Design Standards, Student Edition is the authoritative and reliable volume designed to teach students best practices and guidelines for urban planning and design. Edited from the main volume to meet the serious student's needs, this Student Edition is packed with more than 1,400 informative illustrations and includes the latest rules of thumb for designing and evaluating any land-use scheme--from street plantings to new subdivisions. Students find real help understanding all the practical information on the physical aspects of planning and urban design they are required to know, including: * Plans and plan making * Environmental planning and management * Building types * Transportation * Utilities * Parks and open space, farming, and forestry * Places and districts * Design considerations * Projections and demand analysis * Impact assessment * Mapping * Legal foundations * Growth management preservation, conservation, and reuse * Economic and real estate development Planning and Urban Design Standards, Student Edition provides essential specification and detailing information for various types of plans, environmental factors and hazards, building types, transportation planning, and mapping and GIS. In addition, expert advice guides readers on practical and graphical skills, such as mapping, plan types, and transportation planning.
Written by Gary Trugman, Understanding Business Valuation: A Practical Guide to Valuing Small-to Medium-Sized Businesses, simplifies a technical and complex area of practice with real-world experience and examples. Trugman's informal, easy-to-read style covers all the bases in the various valuation approaches, methods, and techniques. Readers at all experience levels will find valuable information that will improve and fine-tune their everyday activities. Topics include valuation standards, theory, approaches, methods, discount and capitalization rates, S corporation issues, and much more. Author’s Note boxes throughout the publication draw on the author’s veteran, practical experience to identify critical points in the content. This edition has been greatly expanded to include new topics as well as enhanced discussions of existing topics.
Forecasting from multi-equation models has very rarely been the focus in econometric literature. In response, this book presents a range of methodologies to approach this complex field and offers readers essential information on forecasting from multi-equation econometric micromodels. In the twentieth century, significant interest in econometric macromodels emerged. These multi-equation models are mostly systems of interdependent equations, most often used to describe the national economies of various countries. The book analyzes econometric forecasting procedures and illustrates them with empirical examples that are based on real economic (mostly business-derived) data. The procedure of forecast building from systems of interdependent equations is presented for two categories of econometric models: models with a feedback effect and models with closed-loop links between interdependent variables. The forecasts obtained via this technique are compared with the results derived from reduced-form equations of the respective econometric model. The author also generalizes the rules of the reduced-recursive (helical, iterative) procedure application, against the backdrop of the proposed method of forecast building from reduced-form equations of systems of interdependent equations. Given its scope, the book will appeal not only to PhD students and researchers, but also undergraduate students and academics in general.