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La gestion de los residuos solidos urbanos y rurales en todo el mundo se ha convertido en un problema mayor. En los paises en desarrollo, y aun en los altamente desarrollados, es necesario aplicar acciones efectivas para que dicha gestion incida en la sustentabilidad de los recursos que la humanidad usa y aprovecha. Este libro es una referencia para la planificacion de la gestion de residuos, poniendolos al centro de la sociedad urbana y rural. Es decir, para muchos centros de poblacion, la gestion de residuos solidos, bien planificada, y bien aplicada, puede convertirse en un factor de proteccion y conservacion ambiental, promoviendo el empleo, la comercializacion y el bienestar humano. Las sociedades urbanas y rurales pueden integrar sus esfuerzos compartiendolos para retroalimentarse y crear redes que irian mas alla del manejo de sus basuras. Irian hacia la gestion integral y sustentables de sus residuos municipales."
This is the Spanish version of "Municipal solid waste management involving micro- and small enterprises" (ISBN 9789290493655). Este libro es para gerentes, ingenieros y administradores que tienen la responsabilidad del manejo municipal de los desechos solidos y que se encuentran en la busqueda de formas para mejorar el servicio o de economizar. Aborda los "Que" y los "Como" del involucramiento de nuevos empresarios o pequenos grupos de base de la comunidad de la recoleccion de los desechos solidos de calles, casas y negocios. Se refiere primordialmente a situaciones vividas en paises de medios o de bajos ingresos y presenta experiencias de America Latina, Asia Sudeste y Africa.
Despite heavy municipal spending on solid waste management, most cities fail to provide efficient, reliable, universal collection services or environmentally safe disposal - at high costs to public health and the environment. Bank lending should emphasize strategic service planning, better institutional arrangements, more efficient management and finances, and environmental protection.
El trabajo conjunto de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la Asociación Interamericana de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental (AIDIS) ha generado este informe regional que realiza una evaluación de la gestión de residuos sólidos en América Latina y el Caribe al año 2010, y es el resultado de un año de búsqueda y análisis de información apoyada en los organismos gubernamentales, ONGs y universidades de los distintos países de la región. En el presente informe se podrá encontrar un diagnóstico de la situación del manejo de los residuos sólidos en América Latina y el Caribe, sustentado en el levantamiento de información en varios municipios de la región, de acuerdo a procedimientos estadísticos que permitieron obtener datos representativos de la realidad de nuestros países. Asimismo, el documento recoge distintas experiencias exitosas de la región que pueden servir como ejemplo de buenas prácticas a numerosos municipios de ALC que se encuentren menos desarrollados sectorialmente.
The importance of protecting the environment against pollution is an objective which gained international acceptance in the recent years. According to the first principle of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment which took place in Stockholm in 1972, "man .... bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future genera tions". The United Nations again in their desire to improve the sanitation conditions allover the world decided to proclaim the period between 1981-1990 as the "International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade." Although attempts have been made by inter national organizations to prevent pollution, it is difficult to say that these attempts gave satisfactory results in developing countries. The most common reasons of failure are: a) To find solutions to their environmental problems, develop ing countries usually seek the assistance of engineers and scientists from developed countries. Many times, how ever, either out of ignorance of the local condition or due to financial motivations, these experts come out with solutions which are far from being considered as the "most appropriate." As a result, the basic objective of protecting the environment is not achieved. b) Attempts made by developed countries to "export" their wastes - especially the hazardous ones - to the developing world, is another danger - and sometimes reason of failure encountered in the field of Environmental Management.
The importance of protecting the environment against pollution is an objective which gained international acceptance in the recent years. According to the first principle of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment which took place in Stockholm in 1972, "man .... bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future genera tions". The United Nations again in their desire to improve the sanitation conditions allover the world decided to proclaim the period between 1981-1990 as the "International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade." Although attempts have been made by inter national organizations to prevent pollution, it is difficult to say that these attempts gave satisfactory results in developing countries. The most common reasons of failure are: a) To find solutions to their environmental problems, develop ing countries usually seek the assistance of engineers and scientists from developed countries. Many times, how ever, either out of ignorance of the local condition or due to financial motivations, these experts come out with solutions which are far from being considered as the "most appropriate." As a result, the basic objective of protecting the environment is not achieved. b) Attempts made by developed countries to "export" their wastes - especially the hazardous ones - to the developing world, is another danger - and sometimes reason of failure encountered in the field of Environmental Management.