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The purpose of this study has been to assess the traditional spate irrigation in Raya Valley with special reference to three spate irrigation systems in the southern zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia. The study attempted to find out the spate irrigation management practice in the community, institutional arrangement in the spate irrigation systems and identify challenges with improving the traditional spate irrigation systems. For this research household survey, farmer group discussion and key informant were interviewed to collect primary data. In addition relevant literatures and documents were reviewed. The result of this study shows that spate irrigation improvement intervention works should be accomplished through real participation of farmers and initiate them to practically influence the planning and designing process so that successful modernization projects could be accomplished.
Spate-irrigation, a system foreseen as a potential means of improving agricultural production in rainfall deficit lowlands, is profoundly threatened by climate and land-cover change upstream. Yet, the actual implications of these changes on spate-hydrology has not been well studied. The objective of this study was thus to analyse the hydrological-response of dryland catchments to changing climate and land-cover in the Raya-valley. Long-term climate data were collected from National Meteorological Agency, and land-cover information extracted from Landsat satellite images. Soil Conservation Systems Curve-Number method was then employed to formulate the likely impacts of climate and land-cover dynamics on spate-hydrology. Average temperature, and evapotranspiration of the study area raised at a Coefficient of 0.13oC yr-1, and 16.43mm yr-1 respectively. Rainfall on the other hand dropped at a coefficient of 5.1mm yr-1. Land-cover change and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis also showed improvement in vegetation-cover, enhancing water retention capacity of the soil upstream. Declining rainfall, coupled with rising temperature and evapotranspiration on the top of increasing water-retention capacity of the soil aggravated moisture stress, thereby threatening spate-hydrology at a coefficient of 0.23x106m3 yr-1. Appropriate policies and strategies would therefore be desirable to address contesting interests on scarce water resources in the face of climate change.
As water availability, management and conservation become global challenges, there is now wide consensus that historical knowledge can provide crucial information to address present crises, offering unique opportunities to appreciate the solutions and mechanisms societies have developed over time to deal with water in all its forms, from rainfall to groundwater. This unique collection explores how ancient water systems relate to present ideas of resilience and sustainability and can inform future strategy. Through an investigation of historic water management systems, along with the responses to, and impact of, various water-driven catastrophes, contributors to this volume present tenable solutions for the long-term use of water resources in different parts of the world. The discussion is not limited to issues of the past, seeking instead to address the resonance and legacy of water histories in the present and future. Water and Society from Ancient Times to the Present speaks to an archaeological and non-archaeological scholarly audience and will be a useful primary reference text for researchers and graduate students from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds including archaeology, anthropology, history, ecology, geography, geology, architecture and development studies.
Water harvesting is gaining more and more recognition as a sustainable and resilient water supply options. It is economically viable, socially compatible and environmentally friendly. Water harvesting has proven to be a robust solution to overcome or reduce water shortages all over the world. It is important to understand how to apply this practice in a sustainable and effective way to make full use of its potential in a world increasingly threatened by water scarcity. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is the most comprehensive, up-to-date and applied handbook on water harvesting and conservation yet published. The book’s 30 chapters -- written by 84 outstanding international experts from approximately 20 selected countries faced by drought -- explore, critique and develop concepts and systems for water harvesting. The editors bring together many perspectives into a synthesis that is both academically based and practical in its potential applications. The Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals is an important tool for education, research and technical works in the areas of soil, water and watershed management and is highly useful for drought strategy planning, flood management and developing techniques to adapt to climate change in urban, agricultural, forest and rangeland areas.
Traditional economic and policy analysis theory has emphasized the implementation of private or public property rights regimes in order to sustainably manage natural resources. More recent work has challenged this approach by examining the strengths and weakness of common property governance of such resources. This paper contributes to this literature by analyzing the acequia irrigation communities in northern New Mexico. Through statistical analysis, we find that the acequias' ability to maintain collective-action as estimated by a critical performance function, crop production, is aided by water sharing agreements and access to groundwater, and that it is hampered by property rights fragmentation and urbanization.
Spate irrigation has been largely neglected in the technical literature.
Richtlijnen voor de werker in het veld om problemen te ondervangen ten aanzien van de waterkwaliteit voor irrigatie-doeleinden. Tenslotte worden praktijkervaringen uit diverse gebieden vermeld
Irrigation programs / Water use / Reservoirs / Lakes / River basins / Water potential / Water resources
An in-depth assessment of the century-old Wadi Laba indigenous spate irrigation system in Eritrea. This system has relied on earthern and brushwood structures and customary water rules to support subsistence livelihoods of the Wadi Laba communities for many years. This research analyses the effectiveness of the introduction o