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The Madison, Wisconsin, Police Department undertook an effort to create a new organizational design to support community-oriented and problem-oriented policing. One-sixth of the department serving approximately one-sixth of the population was developed as an Experimental Police District (EPD). Community policing in Madison strived to implement quality leadership, a healthy workplace, improved service delivery, and community benefits. This evaluation had three objectives: document the process of developing the EPD, measure the internal effects of change, and measure the effects of change on the community. In addition to quality leadership, the internal effects focused on in the evaluation included employee input, working conditions, job-related attitudes, and officers' reactions to change. External effects included perceived police presence, frequency and quality of police-citizen contacts, problem-solving, perceptions of neighborhood conditions, levels of worry and fear, and actual victimization. The report found that the successful implementation of a participatory management approach improved employees' attitudes toward the department, decentralized operations, and reduced citizens' fears of crime and increased their belief that police were working for the benefit of the community.
An evaluation of the effort by the Madison, Wisconsin Police Dept. to create a new organizational design (structural and managerial) to support community-oriented and problem-oriented policing. 40 tables and exhibits.
This report presents the findings of an evaluation of a project funded by the National Institute of Justice in 1987 and to improve policing in Madison, Wisconsin through the use of community policing concepts. An experimental police district was established that decentralized approximately one-sixth of the police agency's personnel. The experimental district promoted innovation through employee participation in decisionmaking about work conditions and the delivery of police service, management and supervisory styles supportive of employee participation and of community- and problem-oriented policing, and the implementation of community- and problem-oriented policing. The 3-year evaluation study compared outcome variables, measured before and 2 years after the implementation of the police district. Data collection methods included three surveys of police personnel, two citizen surveys, observations, structured interviews, and a review of agency documents and press coverage. Findings indicated that the Madison Police Department has succeeded in changing the internal culture of the organization to one in which employees feel involved in decisionmaking about their work. Decentralization made an important contribution to the process of creating the new management style and also contributed to the development of team spirit and processes. The effects of the change effort on the community are somewhat less dramatic, although a pattern of improved public attitudes was found, together with a statistically significant reduction in the number of reported burglaries in the area.
This survey documents the number of crimes committed by persons using imitation guns and the number of confrontations by police with persons who had imitation guns which were thought to be real. The survey was sent to all municipal police and consolidated police departments serving populations of 50,000 or more inhabitants, all sheriff's departments with 100 or more sworn employees, and all primary State police agencies. The total survey response rate was 70 percent with a usable response rate of 65.5 percent. Findings indicate that between January 1, 1985 and September 1, 1989, 458 police departments (65.5 percent) reported 5,654 robberies known to be committed with an imitation gun. In the same period, police departments reported 8,128 known assaults with imitation guns. One hundred eighty-six police departments reported 1,128 incidents where an officer warned or threatened to use force and 252 cases where actual force had been used based on the belief that an imitation gun was real. 5 tables, 12 figures, 8 illustrations, appendix.
This textbook discusses the role of community-oriented policing, including the police image, public expectations, ethics in law enforcement, community wellness, civilian review boards, and what the community can do to help decrease crime rates. In addition, the author covers basic interpersonal skills and how these might vary according to the race, sex, age, and socioeconomic group with which the officer is interacting. Finally, students learn how to initiate new programs in a community, from the planning process and community involvement to dealing with management and evaluating program success.
This textbook discusses the role of community-oriented policing, including the police image, public expectations, ethics in law enforcement, community wellness, civilian review boards, and what the community can do to help decrease crime rates. In addition, the author covers basic interpersonal skills and how these might vary according to the race, sex, age, and socioeconomic group with which the officer is interacting. Finally, students learn how to initiate new programs in a community, from the planning process and community involvement to dealing with management and evaluating program success.
Community Policing
Dennis P. Rosenbaum, one of the most important researchers in police and crime prevention matters, has published this collection of original articles outlining the state of evaluative research on American community policing projects for the past decade. All the big names in the field have been included. Among them are John Eck, Mary Ann Wycoff, Wesley Skogan, Robert Trojanowicz, David Bayley, and Mark Moore. . . . This book is unique. If the reader is interested in the contemporary North American point of view on police matters, but has time to read only one book on the subject, we would recommend this book. --André Normandeau in Canadian Journal of Criminology (translated from French) "This is a helpful framework and provides the reader with a focus that is often lacking in edited collections of papers. The Challenge of Community Policing is clear, well structured, and well referenced and provides the reader with a good understanding of the current situation regarding community policing." --Elizabeth Gilchrist in Urban Studies "This book provides an interesting insight into the ways in which progressive police managers are seeking to come to terms with changed times." --Karim Murji in LCCJ Newsletter "Community policing has become the new orthodoxy for police in the United States, as well as in other countries around the world. Although the movement′s philosophies and practices are spreading rapidly, little is known about the range of ongoing activities, the components of these experimental initiatives, the problems and challenges encountered, and the level of success in achieving objectives. Providing a clear picture of national and international trends in progressive police administration. The Challenge of Community Policing explores the cutting edge of this movement with some of the best empirical studies to date. In this volume Dennis Rosenbaum has gathered together the expertise of widely recognized researchers to address the fundamental question of whether community policing is on the road to fulfilling its many promises. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the authors present a thorough evaluation of the social and organizational processes involved in planning and implementing community policing, as well as the effects of such programs." --L′Officier de Police Community policing has become the new orthodoxy for police in the United States, as well as in other countries around the world. While the movement′s philosophies and practices are spreading rapidly, little is known about the range of ongoing activities, the components of these experimental initiatives, problems and challenges encountered, and the level of success in achieving objectives. Providing a clear picture of national and international trends in progressive police administration, The Challenge of Community Policing explores the cutting edge of this movement with some of the best empirical studies to date. In this carefully edited volume, Dennis Rosenbaum has gathered together the expertise of widely-recognized researchers to address the fundamental question of whether community policing is on the road to fulfilling its many promises. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the authors present a thorough evaluation of the social and organizational processes involved in planning and implementing community policing, as well as the effects of such programs and policies on police personnel, police organizations, citizens, and neighborhood environments. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers will find that The Challenge of Community Policing skillfully bridges the gap between the theory and everyday practice of community police reform. "In this exceedingly informative collection, Rosenbaum has assembled cogent essays from some of the most respected criminal justice researchers. Contributors examine the experiences of many agencies in the U.S., Canada, and Britain that have adopted the community policing philosophy, candidly describe successes and failures, and provide an assessment of the future. . . . The volume separates fact from fiction and should shorten the learning curve of any law enforcement administrator who seeks to implement this alternative method of policing. Highly recommended for upper-division undergraduates and graduate students. A ′must read′ for law enforcement practitioners and criminal justice faculty." --S. L. Gottlieb in Choice "In The Challenge of Community Policing, Dennis P. Rosenbaum has made an important and timely contribution to policing in America. Important because he has assembled the work of a group of the nation′s most thoughtful and respected researchers on policing that provides a current assessment of the field′s progress toward reframing the way America′s cities are policed. Timely because it comes on the threshold of the greatest infusion of federal dollars into local policing in the history of our nation. The greatest portion of those dollars are dedicated to putting officers on the street to engage in community policing. The Challenge offers considerable insight into the experience of police agencies in America, Canada, and England that have had the courage to move into uncharted waters with the hope of having greater impact on crime, violence, and fear. The complexity of the issues are acknowledged while appropriate cautions and important questions are raised. This book will become a useful tool for researchers and practitioners as more police agencies make serious attempts to work with members of their community in a partnership to solve problems." --Chief Darrel W. Stephens, St. Petersburg, Florida "I recently had the opportunity to review The Challenge of Community Policing by Dennis P. Rosenbaum and found the book to be an excellent resource for both the academic and practitioner. The information is current, presented in a well-balanced manner, and relies on respected scholars who understand the concept of community policing. Given the importance of this movement in police practices, not to mention the central role community policing has in the current federal crime control initiative, The Challenge of Community Policing provides a thorough view of the philosophy and issues. Dr. Rosenbaum′s work is an important contribution to the literature." --David L. Carter, Professor and Director National Center for Community Policing
Police departments across the country are busily "reinventing" themselves, adopting a new style known as "community policing". This approach to policing involves organizational decentralization, new channels of communication with the public, a commitment to responding to what the community thinks their priorities ought to be, and the adoption of a broad problem-solving approach to neighborhood issues. Police departments that succeed in adopting this new stance have an entirely different relationship to the public that they serve. Chicago made the transition, embarking on what is now the nation's largest and most impressive community policing program. This book, the first to examine such a project, looks in depth at all aspects of the program--why it was adopted, how it was adopted, and how well it has worked.