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In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
With concise, focused coverage of community health nursing, Foundations of Nursing in the Community: Community-Oriented Practice, 4th Edition provides essential information for community practice - from nursing roles and care settings to vulnerable population groups. The book uses a practical, community-oriented approach and places an emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Practical application of concepts is highlighted throughout the text in case studies, critical thinking activities, QSEN competencies, and Healthy People 2020 objectives. Evidence-Based Practice boxes highlight current research findings, their application to practice, and how community/public health nurses can apply the study results. Levels of Prevention boxes identify specific nursing interventions at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, to reinforce the concept of prevention as it pertains to community and public health care. Focus on health promotion throughout the text emphasizes initiatives, strategies, and interventions that promote the health of the community. Clinical Application scenarios offer realistic situations with questions and answers to help you apply chapter concepts to practice in the community. Case Studies provide client scenarios within the community/public health setting to help you develop assessment and critical thinking skills. What Would You Do? boxes present problem-solving challenges that encourage both independent and collaborative thinking required in community settings. How To boxes offer specific instructions on nursing interventions. NEW! QSEN boxes illustrate how quality and safety goals, competencies, objectives, knowledge, skills, and attitudes can be applied in nursing practice in the community. NEW! Feature box on Linking Content to Practice highlights how chapter content is applied in the role of public/community health nursing. NEW! Healthy People 2020 objectives in every chapter address the health priorities and emerging health issues expected in the next decade.
For more than a century, medical schools and academic campuses were largely separate in Texas. Though new medical technologies and drugs—conceivably, even a vaccine instrumental in the prevention of a pandemic—might be developed on an academic campus such as the University of Texas at Austin, there was no co-located medical school with which to collaborate. Faculty members were left to seek experts on distant campuses. That all changed on May 3, 2012, when the UT System Board of Regents voted to create the Dell Medical School in Austin. This book tells in detail and for the first time the story of how this change came about: how dedicated administrators, alumni, business leaders, community organizers, doctors, legislators, professors, and researchers joined forces, overcame considerable resistance, and raised the funds to build a new medical school without any direct state monies. Funding was secured in large part by the unique willingness of the local community to tax itself to pay for the financial operations of the school. Kenneth I. Shine and Amy Shaw Thomas, who witnessed this process from their unique vantages as past and present vice chancellors for health affairs in the University of Texas System, offer a working model that will enable other leaders to more effectively seek solutions, avoid pitfalls, and build for the future.
Community Health & Wellness: Primary health care in practice, 5th Edition represents contemporary thinking and research in community health and wellness from Australia, New Zealand and the global community. It challenges students and health professionals to become more aware of the primary health care (PHC) environments in which they work in order to gain an understanding of what is socially determining the health of the individuals, families and communities within their care. Provides a focus on primary health care practice in Australia and New Zealand Research and evidence-based practice throughout each chapter Group exercises that can be used in practice or tutorial groups Reflective questions to challenge the understanding of key principles and practice Additional resources for lecturers via Evolve. • Two new chapters: Chapter 3 Assessing the Community Chapter 6 Working in groups • The SDH Assessment Circle - a new model for community assessment • Stronger emphasis on working with migrant and refugee families • A new continuous case study – the Mason and Smith families; both fly-in fly-out (FIFO) families.
Over a decade ago, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified a severe shortage of health care workers in the global health workforce (WHO 2006), with rural and low-income settings being disproportionately affected (Global Health Workforce Alliance, 2013). Simultaneously, emerging evidence suggested that the deployment of community health workers (CHWs) in these areas was helping to increase access to basic health care, particularly for underserved population groups (Lehman et al., 2007). More than a decade later, as highlighted in particular by the Ebola outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa and the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, CHWs have become an essential part of an increasingly stretched, yet interconnected, global health workforce"-- Provided by publisher.
In the devastation that follows a major disaster, there is a need for multiple sectors to unite and devote new resources to support the rebuilding of infrastructure, the provision of health and social services, the restoration of care delivery systems, and other critical recovery needs. In some cases, billions of dollars from public, private and charitable sources are invested to help communities recover. National rhetoric often characterizes these efforts as a "return to normal." But for many American communities, pre-disaster conditions are far from optimal. Large segments of the U.S. population suffer from preventable health problems, experience inequitable access to services, and rely on overburdened health systems. A return to pre-event conditions in such cases may be short-sighted given the high costs - both economic and social - of poor health. Instead, it is important to understand that the disaster recovery process offers a series of unique and valuable opportunities to improve on the status quo. Capitalizing on these opportunities can advance the long-term health, resilience, and sustainability of communities - thereby better preparing them for future challenges. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents. This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health improvement priorities in order to meet human recovery needs and create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented in Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters lays the groundwork to achieve this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate recovery strategies that optimize community health. With a shared healthy community vision, strategic planning that prioritizes health, and coordinated implementation, disaster recovery can result in a communities that are healthier, more livable places for current and future generations to grow and thrive - communities that are better prepared for future adversities.
Improved health and quality of life are the overarching goals of community health education and promotion, and thus form the backbone of this thoroughly revised and updated text. The authors provide a balanced overview of the information, perspectives, and competencies that health professionals need to promote health and quality of life effectively in community, school, workplace, and health-care settings. They orient the discussion within the professional paradigm of boundary-crossing partnerships across health disciplines, emphasizing the role of collaborative efforts to better meet community health needs. The Process of Community Health Education and Promotion, Second Edition, is designed to stimulate thought, discussion, and action. It incorporates real-world examples, practical questions, and a conversational tone to engage readers in a meaningful way. The authors experiential learning approach is evident in the multitude of special features designed to help readers explore ideas and test recommended approaches. For example, learning objectives and review questions highlight targeted learning concepts. For Your Information boxes provide nutshell descriptions, how-to guidelines, checklists, and examples that complement and expand on chapter content. The For Your Application activities at the end of each chapter offer abundant opportunities for self-directed or instructor-guided learning experiences. Moreover, the appendixes include a community assessment project guide and a professional portfolio guide, to which many of the activities throughout the book contribute. This text successfully links the classroom to the real world with a skills-based focus that not only enhances professional preparation but also facilitates and supports continuing professional development.
During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions. Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services. Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings.
Essentials of Global Community Health offers current and future clinicians, public health professionals, and administrators a comprehensive resource on providing community-oriented health care. This essential reference delves into the individual, family, social, and global determinants that shape a community’s health. Combining theory with practical application, Essentials of Global Community Health provides step-by-step guidance on interventions that promote health and prevent disease at the community level. With 16 structured case studies that span the globe—from Cambodia and Chad, to Moldova, Israel, Spain, and others—Essentials of Global Community Health explains and illustrates how principles of Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC) and Community-Oriented Public Health (COPH) work in diverse settings worldwide. Jaime and Rosa Gofin bring 40 years of academic and field experience to bear in this text by offering a complete framework for putting community health into practice. Essentials of Global Community Health features • A step-by-step framework for integrating individual care and public health • A comprehensive resource on COPC and COPH • Illustrative examples and summary tables, plus study and review questions to reinforce concepts • A complete package of instructor and interactive student resources available online. Looking for more real-life evidence? Check out Cases 3, 7, 13, 17, & 20 in Essential Case Studies in Public Health, Putting Public Health into Practice.