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Communities of Computing is the first book-length history of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), founded in 1947 and with a membership today of 100,000 worldwide. It profiles ACM's notable SIGs, active chapters, and individual members, setting ACM's history into a rich social and political context. The book's 12 core chapters are organized into three thematic sections. "Defining the Discipline" examines the 1960s and 1970s when the field of computer science was taking form at the National Science Foundation, Stanford University, and through ACM's notable efforts in education and curriculum standards. "Broadening the Profession" looks outward into the wider society as ACM engaged with social and political issues - and as members struggled with balancing a focus on scientific issues and awareness of the wider world. Chapters examine the social turbulence surrounding the Vietnam War, debates about the women's movement, efforts for computing and community education, and international issues including professionalization and the Cold War. "Expanding Research Frontiers" profiles three areas of research activity where ACM members and ACM itself shaped notable advances in computing, including computer graphics, computer security, and hypertext. Featuring insightful profiles of notable ACM leaders, such as Edmund Berkeley, George Forsythe, Jean Sammet, Peter Denning, and Kelly Gotlieb, and honest assessments of controversial episodes, the volume deals with compelling and complex issues involving ACM and computing. It is not a narrow organizational history of ACM committees and SIGS, although much information about them is given. All chapters are original works of research. Many chapters draw on archival records of ACM's headquarters, ACM SIGs, and ACM leaders. This volume makes a permanent contribution to documenting the history of ACM and understanding its central role in the history of computing.
Due to the advancement of the Internet, online communities are gaining increasing importance in the research community. Presented from a user's perspective, this book explores the diverse application areas of social computing and online communities. A significant portion of the text focuses on real-world case studies in which user behaviors, social mechanisms, and technological issues are investigated. Drawing from computer science, information systems, and social science, the book takes a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate virtual communities. It is useful for those who construct, moderate, and maintain online communities.
The widespread use of global networks like the Internet and mobile computing have made worldwide computing over virtual communities a reality. This is the first book devoted to community computing. It is based on the Kyoto Meeting on Social Interaction and Communityware, held in Kyoto, Japan, in June 1998. The 24 revised full papers presented together with an introduction to the emerging field were carefully selected and revised for inclusion in the book. The book is divided in parts on models and concepts, methodologies for large scale trials, sharing knowledge and preferences, supporting social interaction, and agent technologies in communities.
Hundreds of millions of people use social technologies like Wikipedia, Facebook and YouTube every day, but what makes them work? And what is the next step? The Social Design of Technical Systems explores the path from computing revolution to social evolution. Based on the assumption that it is essential to consider social as well as technological requirements, as we move to create the systems of the future, this book explores the ways in which technology fits, or fails to fit, into the social reality of the modern world. Important performance criteria for social systems, such as fairness, synergy, transparency, order and freedom, are clearly explained for the first time from within a comprehensive systems framework, making this book invaluable for anyone interested in socio-technical systems, especially those planning to build social software. This book reveals the social dilemmas that destroy communities, exposes the myth that computers are smart, analyses social errors like the credit meltdown, proposes online rights standards and suggests community-based business models. If you believe that our future depends on merging social virtue and technology power, you should read this book.
Computer science is all around us, at school, at home, and in the community. This book gives readers the essential tools they need to understand the computer science concept of collaboration. Brilliant color photographs and accessible text will engage readers and allow them to connect deeply with the concept. The computer science topic is paired with an age-appropriate curricular topic to deepen readers’ learning experience and show how collaboration works in the real world. In this book, readers will learn how community members and local government work together to make change. This nonfiction title is paired with the fiction title We Work Together for Equality! (ISBN: 9781538352120). The instructional guide on the inside front and back covers provides: Vocabulary, Background knowledge, Text-dependent questions, Whole class activities, and Independent activities.
This text looks at the virtual community of cyberspace and analyzes its relationship to the real one as lived out in today's societies. It shows how the idea of community is being challenged by the increasing power and range of cyberspace.
The widespread use of global networks like the Internet and mobile computing have made worldwide computing over virtual communities a reality. This is the first book devoted to community computing. It is based on the Kyoto Meeting on Social Interaction and Communityware, held in Kyoto, Japan, in June 1998. The 24 revised full papers presented together with an introduction to the emerging field were carefully selected and revised for inclusion in the book. The book is divided in parts on models and concepts, methodologies for large scale trials, sharing knowledge and preferences, supporting social interaction, and agent technologies in communities.
This book addresses how computers affect people's everyday lives. Using actual situations and problems that people have encountered with current software applications, this book offers academics ways to examine how new situations are created through computer use. It contains some of the very first papers on very important topics including the AEGIS disaster, the intriguing new world of MUD environments, and community networks, including a study of Community Memory in Berkeley, possibly the world's first community computer system. The first half contains critical studies, in which the authors explain ways of describing real situations where people are already using computers. This situations are often problematic and much more complicated than the scenarios that the designers envisioned when designing the system. The second half of the book contains constructive studies, reporting experiences in trying to build systems in new ways, with a fully developed consciousness of what people need and the interactions between computer systems and social systems.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing, OCSC 2011, held in Orlando, FL, USA in July 2011 in the framework of the 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2011 with 10 other thematically similar conferences. The 77 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the thematic area of online communities and social computing, addressing the following major topics: on-line communities and intelligent agents in education and research; blogs, Wikis and Twitters; social computing in business and the enterprise; social computing in everyday life; information management in social computing.