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The collapse in commodity prices since 1980 has been a major cause of the economic crisis in a large part of the Third World. This book demonstrates, using new econometric models, that the producing countries could have prevented this price collapse by appropriate supply management.
The Global Political Economy of Raúl Prebisch offers an original analysis of global political economy by examining it through the ideas, agency and influence of one of its most important thinkers, leaders and personalities. Prebisch’s ground-breaking ideas as an economist – the terms-of-trade thesis and the economic case for state-led industrialization – changed the world and guided economic policy across the global South. As the head of two UN bodies – the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and later the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) – he was at the frontline of key North–South political struggles for a fairer global distribution of wealth and the regulation of transnational corporations. Prebisch increasingly came to view political power, not just economic capabilities, as pivotal to shaping the institutions and rules of the world economy. This book contextualizes his ideas, exploring how they were used and their relevance to contemporary issues. The neoliberal turn in economics in North America, Western Europe and across the global South led to an active discrediting of Prebisch’s theories and this volume offers an important corrective, reintroducing current and future generations of scholars and students to this important body of work and allowing a richer understanding of past and ongoing political struggles.
Fifty or more developing countries still depend mainly on the tropical commodities or minerals that they produce. But encouraging so many countries to grow coffee, sugar, cotton and other crops has been a disaster. Small farmers get only a tiny share of the final tag on these commodities on supermarket shelves in the North. Prices have collapsed, terms of trade between North and South have widened, and foreign exchange earnings, tax revenues, and economic growth in developing countries have plummeted. Peter Robbins examines how this situation came about, the current trading arrangements and the possible ways forward. He argues that, if developing countries are to measure up to the scale of the disaster facing them, they must take a leaf out of supply side economics, and take the measures to bring supply and demand into a balance that will secure them far higher and more stable prices.
The Collected Documents of The Group of 77 provides a chronological record of events and documents of the Group of 77 since its creation in 1963. This Sixth Volume is a special Fiftieth Anniversary Edition of The Group of 77 at the United Nations launched to coincide with the fiftieth year since the establishment of the Group of 77 with the objective of furthering the documentary process and its institutional memory. This compilation provides a chronological record of the main documents adopted by the Group of 77 since its creation in 1964, with a special focus on all major events of the Group of 77 that took place during the period 1964-2014. The Group of 77 has devoted five decades working to achieve development. It adheres to the principle that nations, big and small, deserve an equal voice in world affairs. Today the Group of 77 remains linked by common geography and a shared history of struggle for liberation, freedom and south-south solidarity. In its 50 years, the Group of 77 has solidified the global South as a coalition of nations, aspiring for a global partnership for peace and development. The Group of 77 is recognized for its work to promote international cooperation for development towards a prosperous and peaceful world. The commitment and dedication of the Group of 77 in selflessly shaping world affairs has benefited billions of lives worldwide.
The Collected Documents of The Group of 77 provides a chronological record of events and documents of the Group of 77 since its creation in 1963. This Sixth Volume is a special Fiftieth Anniversary Edition of The Group of 77 at the United Nations launched to coincide with the fiftieth year since the establishment of the Group of 77 with the objective of furthering the documentary process and its institutional memory. This compilation provides a chronological record of the main documents adopted by the Group of 77 since its creation in 1964, with a special focus on all major events of the Group of 77 that took place during the period 1964-2014. The Group of 77 has devoted five decades working to achieve development. It adheres to the principle that nations, big and small, deserve an equal voice in world affairs. Today the Group of 77 remains linked by common geography and a shared history of struggle for liberation, freedom and south-south solidarity. In its 50 years, the Group of 77 has solidified the global South as a coalition of nations, aspiring for a global partnership for peace and development. The Group of 77 is recognized for its work to promote international cooperation for development towards a prosperous and peaceful world. The commitment and dedication of the Group of 77 in selflessly shaping world affairs has benefited billions of lives worldwide.
Scholarship and high-level diplomatic reports alike, including that of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021, have highlighted the negative material and bodily inequities of our globalized industrial food system, one that is fuelled by a hegemonic politics of food access and availability. The effects of industrialized food systems on public health, human rights, food sovereignty, ecological sustainability for land and water, as well as for climate change are increasingly obvious. These ongoing challenges, along with the COVID-19 pandemic, have exacerbated existing social, economic, and political inequalities and vulnerabilities and placed them in the spotlight. The crisis in the Ukraine has also underscored how connected global industrialized food systems are to nation state geopolitical interests, international alliances, trade relations, and conflicts. The current industrialized resource-intensive food system has persisted because of a complex set of power relations, despite its continuing and deepening social, ecological, and cultural costs.
In this clear and intelligent book, Thomas Lines examines the role that global policies have played in creating a crisis of rural poverty. He explains the mechanisms of markets and supply chains, charting their impact on agricultural trade in the world's poorest countries. A desperate situation is emerging which could soon leave little place for hundreds of millions of smallholders across the world, as the global supply chains of giant food corporations and supermarkets swallow them up. Poor countries have become newly vulnerable to price changes for crops like rice and wheat, and the situation is set to deteriorate further if global policies do not change. The author argues that debates about world trade negotiations have only highlighted part of the problem: we must turn our attention to wider economic policies, the workings of the markets themselves and the division of power along the supply chains, to establish a practical set of solutions. Combining analytical rigour with a clearly accessible examination of the key factors, the author deftly points to the forms that these solutions could take.
"A well-integrated volume which analyzes major trade problems and sets forth concrete, reasonable proposals for dealing with them." --Foreign Affairs North-South trade relations are deeply troubled. U.S. exports to developing countries declined by $19.2 billion for 1980-83, at the cost of some 1.1 million jobs in the U.S. export sector. Many developing countries, meanwhile, face financial crises that can only be resolved over the long run through resumed expansion of trade. In this volume, distinguished practitioners and academics identify specific policy objectives for the United States on issues that will be prominent in the proposed new round of GATT negotiations: adjustment of U.S. firms and workers to imports from developing countries, including sensitive sectors such as textile and steel; transition or "graduation" of the newly industrialized countries of East Asia and Latin America to a more reciprocal basis of access to markets; special benefits for the poorest or least developed countries; and preferential trading arrangements.