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Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
This book provides a highly illustrated guide to the design, installation and maintenance of hot and cold water supply systems for domestic buildings. Based on British Standard BS 6700, the new edition takes into account revisions to the standard since the book was first published in 1991. It has also been updated to give guidance on the 1999 Water Supply Regulations and includes revisions to the Building Regulations. Written for designers and installers, this immensely practical book will also be of interest to technical staff of water undertakers, property services managers and students of NVQ and BTech courses. It was specially commissioned by the British Standards Institution and written for BSI by Bob Garrett, formerly of Langley College of Further Education and past President of the National Association of Plumbing Teachers.
This fully revised and updated edition of this classic best selling reference provides all the information you will need to evaluate and balance the air and water sides of any HVAC system. The third edition adds new chapters on testing and balancing clean rooms and HVAC system commissioning. Every aspect of testing, adjusting and balancing is addressed, including all types of instruments required, and specific methods to adjust constant volume, single zone, dual duct, induction, and variable air volume systems. Complete details are provided for the full scope of system components, including fans, pumps, motors, drives, and electricity, as well as for balancing devices and instrument usage. All needed equations and a variety of useful conversion tables are included.
Green buildings have become common in India and other countries in Asia. However, there is a concern regarding the performance of green buildings failing to meet the expectations of clients during the operation. One of the key reasons for this is poorly commissioned HVAC systems. In this publication we provide tools and knowhow for more efficient HVAC commissioning. It gives answers for four major questions: why commissioning is needed, how to perform proper commissioning, which key performance issues of common HVAC equipment need to be considered, and what kind of checklists are used during commissioning? It covers the entire commissioning process beginning with the owner’s project requirements and commissioning design reviews. Then, it explains procedures during installation and start-up of equipment followed by the functional performance testing, seasonal commissioning and 10 months’ operation review. This publication is developed by Indian Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers ISHRAE for Indian and Asian requirements in conjunction with the Federation of European HVAC Associations REHVA. The process steps described in this publication are in line with all major international building standards and green building certification schemes. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Thoroughly revised, this book provides the reader with an understanding of the principles and practices of testing and balancing (TAB) heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) air and water systems. For the novice and the experienced testing and balancing technician, it is a field reference book of procedures, equations, and information tables. Divided into five parts, Part I has general and specific balancing procedures for constant air volume systems, variable air volume systems, return air systems, and fans and fan performance. Part II covers testing and balancing fume hood systems and cleanrooms, commissioning HVAC systems, centrifugal pumps and pump performance, analog and digital controls and water balancing procedures using flow meters, system components, and temperatures. Part III covers fans, pumps, air distribution, water distribution, motors, electrical, fluid flow, psychrometrics, refrigeration, and instrument usage and care. Part IV includes equations and tables. New to this edition, Part V has information and additional test and balance procedures and graphics for chapters 1-7 and 13-14. TAB Data and Test forms are in the new addendum as well. • Provides the readers with revised information about the principles and practices of testing and balancing (TAB) heating • Represents a field reference guide for both the novice and experienced testing and balancing technician • Includes a new section with information and additional test and balance procedures and graphics
Welcome to the world of chilled water systems! In this book, we aim to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of chilled water systems, their components, and their applications. Whether you are a student, a professional in the HVAC industry, or simply curious about this fascinating technology, this book will serve as a valuable resource. Chilled water systems play a crucial role in providing cooling for a wide range of applications, from large commercial buildings to industrial facilities and data centers. They are highly efficient, reliable, and versatile, making them an integral part of modern cooling systems. This book is structured to take you on a journey through the fundamentals of chilled water systems. We will start by explaining the basic principles of cooling and the advantages of using chilled water as a medium for heat transfer. We will explore the various components that make up a chilled water system, such as chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and air handling units, and discuss their functionalities and interconnections. Throughout the book, we will delve into the design considerations for chilled water systems, including system capacity, pipe sizing, insulation, and control strategies. We will also cover topics such as water treatment, maintenance practices, and energy efficiency measures to optimize the performance of chilled water systems. Additionally, we will address common challenges and troubleshooting techniques, allowing you to diagnose and resolve issues that may arise in chilled water systems. We will discuss strategies for system optimization, load management, and integration with other building systems, emphasizing the importance of sustainability and environmental responsibility. As you progress through the chapters, you will find practical examples, case studies, and illustrations to enhance your understanding. The goal is to provide you with a well-rounded knowledge base that empowers you to work with chilled water systems effectively. It is important to note that this book assumes a basic understanding of thermodynamics and HVAC principles. However, we have endeavored to explain complex concepts in a clear and accessible manner, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced professionals. We hope that this book will serve as a valuable reference and inspire you to explore the exciting world of chilled water systems further. So, without further ado, let's dive into the cool world of chilled water systems!
This book provides a highly illustrated guide to the design, installation and maintenance of hot and cold water supply systems for domestic buildings. Based on British Standard BS 6700, the new edition takes into account revisions to the standard since the book was first published in 1991. It has also been updated to give guidance on the 1999 Water Supply Regulations and includes revisions to the Building Regulations. Written for designers and installers, this immensely practical book will also be of interest to technical staff of water undertakers, property services managers and students of NVQ and BTech courses. It was specially commissioned by the British Standards Institution and written for BSI by Bob Garrett, formerly of Langley College of Further Education and past President of the National Association of Plumbing Teachers.
This manual suggests design operating and performance criteria for specific surface water quality conditions to provide the optimum protection from microbiological contaminants.