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This report evaluates the major implementation efforts associated with opening the U.S.-Mexican border to commercial trucking. It reviews efforts to make compatible the differing trucking regulations of the U.S. & Mexico; identifies major differences in U.S. & Mexican trucking regulations & operating & enforcement practices that could adversely affect highway safety & infrastructure; & reviews federal & state governments' readiness to ensure trucks from Mexico comply with U.S. trucking regulations.
GAO reviewed the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement's provisions on cross-border commercial truck traffic, focusing on: (1) efforts to make the differing U.S. and Mexican trucking regulations compatible; (2) the major differences in U.S. and Mexican regulations and operating and enforcement practices that adversely affect highway safety and infrastructure; and (3) federal and state governments' readiness to ensure that Mexican trucks comply with U.S. trucking regulations. GAO found that: (1) the United States and Mexico have made some progress in developing compatible trucking standards, but standardization of some regulations, such as vehicle size and weight, may never occur; (2) there are major differences between U.S. and Mexican trucking regulations and operating and enforcement practices that could adversely impact highway safety and infrastructure; (3) negotiators have standardized procedures on drivers' age, inspection criteria, traffic control devices and road signs, and certain hazardous materials, but further standardization of trucking regulations is not scheduled for completion until 1997; (4) where compatibility cannot be reached, foreign trucks must comply with the host country's regulations, but enforcement efforts will be the key to compliance; (5) Mexico is establishing a truck safety enforcement program, but it lacks personnel and other resources to implement it; (6) most Mexican trucks entering the United States do not meet U.S. safety standards; (7) the four U.S. border states' enforcement readiness varies significantly; (8) the Customs Service is permitting Texas to set up truck inspection capabilities within its facilities because it faces the greatest enforcement burden and has relatively limited resources; and (9) in addition to northbound traffic, southbound and east-west traffic will complicate the states' enforcement burden.
RCED-96-61 Commercial Trucking: Safety and Infrastructure Issues Under the North American Free Trade Agreement
As part of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), commercial trucks from Mexico were to be allowed to travel throughout the United States beginning in January 2000. Because of concerns about the safety of these vehicles, the United States has limited Mexican truck operations to commercial zones near the border. In February 2001, a NAFTA arbitration panel ruled that the United States blanket refusal to process applications by Mexican trucking companies to provide cross-border services beyond the commercial zones violated its NAFTA obligations. The panel noted, however, that the United States could require Mexican motor carriers to meet U.S. safety requirements. In February 2001, the administration announced that it would give Mexican trucks access to all U.S. highways by January 2002. The Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2002, enacted in December 2001, provided increased funding for safety activities related to Mexican motor carriers and set forth a series of requirements that the Department of Transportation (DOT) must meet before Mexican trucks can travel beyond the commercial zones.