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Academic Paper from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Development Politics, University of Sussex (Institute of Development Studies), course: MA Governance and Development, language: English, abstract: This dissertation discusses the contextual and historical trends of corruption, its major drivers as well as the Afghan anti-corruption framework in the post-Taliban era. It specifically analyzes whether and how in practice the High Office of Oversight and Anti-Corruption (HOO) - as an anti-corruption tool - succeed or does not succeed to mitigate corruption in Afghanistan. The paper explores the HOO's operational structure, various dimensions of its anti-corruption approach as well it identifies some major designing and implementation flaws. The paper also aims to draw on some successful lessons learned from the anti-corruption commission in Indonesia and how Afghanistan could learn from it to foster the effectiveness of its anti-corruption campaign. The findings of this study could be of importance to a broad range of stakeholders. In addition to the Afghan State, the outcome of this study could also be of particular interest for anti-corruption policy makers and donor institutions in their efforts to formulate effective anti-corruption strategies and reforms in other countries.
This report discusses the results of the Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's review of U.S. and other donor efforts to strengthen the capability of Afghanistan's High Office of Oversight (HOO) to fight corruption. It includes five recommendations. This report is part of a series of audits of U.S. efforts to combat corruption and strengthen the rule of law in Afghanistan. In addition to its own funds, the HOO has received about $1 million in assistance from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and is budgeted to receive a total of $7.3 million from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This assistance has been devoted to the institutional development of the HOO. With this assistance, the HOO has undertaken anti-corruption initiatives, with varying degrees of progress. These include a vehicle registration project and an asset declaration process for Afghan public officials. However, the HOO suffers from significant gaps in operational capacity. The HOO is greatly understaffed, and many of its employees are either inexperienced or lack basic skills, such as computer use and information gathering techniques. Moreover, the HOO' enabling legislation does not invest it with sufficient authority or enforcement power and the legislation needs substantial revision. Furthermore, the HOO lacks the organizational, external, and personal independence required by international standards for an oversight institution. Finally, although the international assistance provided thus far to the HOO has been greatly valued, the U.S. government has had no office or individual specifically designated to oversee or coordinate U.S. assistance to the HOO, and U.S. overall coordination and level of demonstrated commitment of support to the HOO needs improvement.
Since 2002, the U.S. has appropriated more than $50 billion for reconstruction assistance in Afghanistan, and in 2010 the Obama administration submitted budget requests for an additional $20 billion to help the Afghan government build its capacity to defend itself and govern effectively. Fighting corruption and increasing accountability are important components of the U.S. reconstruction strategy for Afghanistan. This report identifies: (1) U.S. assistance to help the Afghan government develop its anti-corruption capabilities; and (2) the capacity of Afghanistan's key anti-corruption institutions. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find report.
Afghanistan's High Office of Oversight needs significantly strengthened authority, independence, and donor support to become an effective anti-corruption institution .
The strengthening of institutions that oversee and implement anti-corruption measures in Afghanistan is a key operational principle of the U.S. Government's draft Anti-Corruption Strategy for Afghanistan. The United Nations Convention against Corruption requires Afghanistan to establish accounting and auditing standards, as well as related oversight. As Afghanistan's Supreme Audit Institution, the Control and Audit Office (CAO) is responsible for auditing the financial matters of the government. It has audit authority over state entities within central and provincial governments as well as public enterprises, and carries out audits of funds provided to the Afghan government by external donors. This report assesses: (1) the CAO's current capability and performance in fulfilling its mandate, (2) the assistance provided by the international community to strengthen the internal capacity of the CAO, and (3) the assistance provided by the U.S. Government to strengthen the CAO's internal capacity. This report is part of a series of audits SIGAR is conducting to address U.S. efforts to combat corruption and strengthen the rule of law in Afghanistan. SIGAR conducted this performance audit in Kabul, Afghanistan, and in Washington, D.C., from December 2009 to April 2010 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards.
This report discusses the results of the Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction's review of U.S. efforts to strengthen the anti-corruption capabilities of the Afghan government. It includes recommendations to finalize the draft U.S. anti-corruption strategy for Afghanistan and to consider increasing the level of assistance provided to key Afghan oversight institutions, particularly internal audit departments of Afghan government ministries.
Afghanistan’s National Unity Government (NUG) took office in September 2014 promising change to Afghanistan and its people. Addressing corruption was a high on its reform agenda, with Afghan citizens consistently rating corruption as one of the top problems affecting their country. Civil society finds it difficult to engage in key areas of governance reform and implementation, with no effective partnership arrangement in place on anti-corruption issues. Furthermore, reliable data is difficult to access, further limiting civil society’s ability to measure progress against these commitments and collaborate with the government and the international community on key reform areas. Publicly available reports do not cover the NUG’s entire anti-corruption reform agenda, with piecemeal reporting mechanisms in place that reflect the event-driven nature of the NUG’s anti- corruption announcements. Against this backdrop, Transparency International has collated and reviewed the NUG’s anti-corruption commitments over its past two years in office, and prioritised the commitments that, if achieved, would most likely lead to meaningful progress in tackling corruption in Afghanistan.
This report examines how the U.S. government -- primarily the Departments of Defense (DOD), State, Treasury, and Justice (DOJ), and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) -- understood the risks of corruption in Afghanistan, how the U.S. response to corruption evolved, and the effectiveness of that response. The report identifies lessons to inform U.S. policies and actions at the onset of and throughout a contingency operation and makes recommendations for both legislative and executive branch action. This analysis reveals that corruption substantially undermined the U.S. mission in Afghanistan from the very beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom. It concludes that failure to effectively address the problem means that U.S. reconstruction programs, at best, will continue to be subverted by systemic corruption and, at worst, will fail. Figures and tables.. This is a print on demand report.