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First Published in 1944, Colloquial Hindustani is intended to supply the beginner in the language not only with the common rules of grammar and their exemplification with sentences of a practical nature, but to assist him towards a correct pronunciation, with a phonetic system of spelling designed as part of an All-India system of romantic orthography. Hindustani, like Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati and most other Indian languages except those of the southeastern part of the peninsula has its ancient roots in Prakrit or ‘vernaculars’ associated with Sanskrit. The widespread common language Hindustani is closely associated with two specialised literary languages, Hindi and Urdu. The everyday speech of millions of people in the North of India is the expression of a common language, Hindustani. This little book makes a small beginning especially in the matter of Roman spelling and is an important historical reference work for students of linguistics and Indian languages.
This text provides a reader-friendly guide to the structural patterns of modern standard Hindi. Ideal for both independent learners and classroom students alike, this book covers the essentials of Hindi grammar in readable, jargon-free sections. Key features include: sections on the speech sounds of Hindi detailed analysis of Hindi sentence structure full examples throughout.
Alleyne Ireland (1871-1951) was a Fellow of the Royal Geographic Society in London who, in 1901, was appointed by the University of Chicago to head a commission to study colonial administration in the Far East. Ireland's first major project, published in 1907, was this exhaustive, two-volume study of Burma, at the time under British rule as a province of the Indian Empire. Volume one contains a general description of Burma, a history of Britain's acquisition of the colony, and chapters on the people, government, general administration, civil service, police administration, judicial administration, prison administration, and educational system. Volume two is devoted to economic and administrative affairs, including financial administration, the land revenue system, public works, trade and shipping, and the administration of forests, towns, villages, and harbors. Twenty-one appendices provide additional detail, including economic and demographic statistics, the texts of treaties, agreements, and reports, a bibliography, and a glossary of Indian and Burmese words. At the end of volume one is a large foldout map of Burma by Edinburgh mapmakers John Bartholomew & Co.
In the early twentieth century, British imperialism in India was at its peak and anti-colonial sentiments were on the rise. The nationalist desire for cultural self-identification was gaining ground and an important articulation of this was the demand for a national language and literature to represent a modern India. It was in this context that Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, a novel, daring, and contentious litterateur, launched his multimedia campaign of constructing a new Hindi literary establishment. As the long-time editor of the Hindi journal Sarasvatī, Dwivedi’s influence was so far-reaching that this period of modern literature in Hindi is known as the Dwivedi era. However, he had to face stiff opposition as well. Sujata Mody’s book sheds light on the interactions between Dwivedi and his supporters and detractors and shows how Dwivedi’s responses to challenges were pragmatic and strategically varied. The Making of Modern Hindi presents Dwivedi as a dynamic and influential arbiter of literary modernity whose exchanges with competing authorities are an important piece in the history of Hindi literature.