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As a rule, during the winter, the fill should be built up from loose soils. The use of cohesive soils is basically possible, but always involves considerable difficulties. In those cases when supersaturated loose soils are used for constructing fill, the established standards for density can not be achieved. As a result of the inadequate compaction of soils and their excessive wetting, such embankments become unstable when exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. Their stability is manifested in the fact that the frost upheavals of the roadbed surface exceeds the tolerable limits causing stresses and disruptions to appear in the road coverings built on the roadbed. (Author).
As a rule, during the winter, the fill should be built up from loose soils. The use of cohesive soils is basically possible, but always involves considerable difficulties. In those cases when supersaturated loose soils are used for constructing fill, the established standards for density can not be achieved. As a result of the inadequate compaction of soils and their excessive wetting, such embankments become unstable when exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. Their stability is manifested in the fact that the frost upheavals of the roadbed surface exceeds the tolerable limits causing stresses and disruptions to appear in the road coverings built on the roadbed. (Author).
The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.