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A comprehensive text on both current and emerging areas of cognitive vehicular networks, this book focuses on a new class of mobile ad hoc networks. It uses a pedagogical approach utilizing cognitive aspects applied to vehicular environments and comprises contributions from well-known and high profile researchers in their respective specialties. The book provides significant technical and practical insights on different perspectives, starting from a basic background on cognitive radio, interrelated technologies, application to vehicular networks, technical challenges, and future trends.
Vehicular Communications and Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Operation and Deployment discusses VANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) or VCS (Vehicular Communication Systems), which can improve safety, decrease fuel consumption, and increase the capacity of existing roadways and which is critical for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) industry. Part one covers architectures for VCS, part two describes the physical layer, antenna technologies and propagation models, part three explores protocols, algorithms, routing and information dissemination, and part four looks at the operation and deployment of vehicular communications and networks. Comprehensive coverage of the fundamental principles behind Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS) and the rapidly growing need for their further development Thorough overview of the design and development of key technologies and devices Explores the practical application of this technology by outlining a number of case studies, testbeds and simulations employing vehicular communications and networks
A cognitive network makes use of the information gathered from the network in order to sense the environment, plan actions according to the input, and make appropriate decisions using a reasoning engine. The ability of cognitive networks to learn from the past and use that knowledge to improve future decisions makes them a key area of interest for anyone whose work involves wireless networks and communications. Cognitive Networks: Applications and Deployments examines recent developments in cognitive networks from the perspective of cutting-edge applications and deployments. Presenting the contributions of internationally renowned experts, it supplies complete and balanced treatment of the fundamentals of both cognitive radio communications and cognitive networks—together with implementation details. The book includes case studies and detailed descriptions of cognitive radio platforms and testbeds that demonstrate how to build real-world cognitive radio systems and network architectures. It begins with an introduction to efficient spectrum management and presents a survey on joint routing and dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks. Next, it examines radio spectrum sensing and network coding and design. It explores intelligent routing in graded cognitive networks and presents an energy-efficient routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. The book concludes by considering dynamic radio spectrum access and examining vehicular cognitive networks and applications. Presenting the latest standards and spectrum policy developments, the book’s strong practical orientation provides you with the understanding you will need to participate in the development of compliant cognitive systems.
Researchers have suggested Vehicular Ad hoc Networks as a way to enable car to car communications and to allow for the exchange of safety and other types of information among cars. Several efforts have attempted to standardize the communication and networking schemes for vehicular settings. Of most importance is the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) protocol stack standardized by the IEEE that allocates spectrum for vehicular communication. --In this report, we prove that WAVE does not necessarily provide sufficient spectrum for reliable exchange of safety information. We present a system that uses cognitive networking principles in vehicular networks to dynamically increase the spectrum allocated to the control channel (CCH) by the IEEE 802.11p amendment, where all safety information is transmitted. To do this, the proposed system relies on sensed data sent by the cars to road side units that in turn forward the aggregated data to a processing unit. The processing unit infers data contention locations and generates spectrum schedules to dispatch to the passing cars in an attempt to alleviate contention. Analysis and simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the system in easing contention and allowing a greater number of cars in a particular location to reliably communicate safety information.
Intelligent Vehicular Network and Communications: Fundamentals, Architectures and Solutions begins with discussions on how the transportation system has transformed into today’s Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). It explores the design goals, challenges, and frameworks for modeling an ITS network, discussing vehicular network model technologies, mobility management architectures, and routing mechanisms and protocols. It looks at the Internet of Vehicles, the vehicular cloud, and vehicular network security and privacy issues. The book investigates cooperative vehicular systems, a promising solution for addressing current and future traffic safety needs, also exploring cooperative cognitive intelligence, with special attention to spectral efficiency, spectral scarcity, and high mobility. In addition, users will find a thorough examination of experimental work in such areas as Controller Area Network protocol and working function of On Board Unit, as well as working principles of roadside unit and other infrastructural nodes. Finally, the book examines big data in vehicular networks, exploring various business models, application scenarios, and real-time analytics, concluding with a look at autonomous vehicles. Proposes cooperative, cognitive, intelligent vehicular networks Examines how intelligent transportation systems make more efficient transportation in urban environments Outlines next generation vehicular networks technology
Opportunistic networking, by definition, allows devices to communicate whenever a window of opportunity is available. Many emerging technologies employ opportunistic exchanges of information. This book addresses this trend in communications engineering, taking into account three specific areas—vehicular, device-to-device (D2D), and cognitive radio—while describing the opportunistic communication methods of each. From smart homes to smart cities, smart agriculture to never-die-networks and beyond, the text explores the state of the art of opportunistic networking, providing the latest research, developments, and practices in one concise source.
This book provides a broad introduction to Cognitive Radio, which attempts to mimic human cognition and reasoning applied to Software Defined Radio and reconfigurable radio over wireless networks. It provides readers with significant technical and practical insights into different aspects of Cognitive Radio, starting from a basic background, the principle behind the technology, the inter-related technologies and application to cellular and vehicular networks, the technical challenges, implementation and future trends. The discussion balances theoretical concepts and practical implementation. Wherever feasible, the different concepts explained are linked to application of the corresponding scheme in a particular wireless standard. This book has two sections: the first section begins with an introduction to cognitive radio and discusses in detail various, inter-dependent technologies such as network coding, software-based radio, dirty RF, etc. and their relation to cognitive radio. The second section deals with two key applications of cognitive radio – next generation cellular networks and vehicular networks. The focus is on the impact and the benefit of having cognitive radio-based mechanisms for radio resource allocation, multihop data transmission, co-operative communication, cross-layer solutions and FPGA-level framework design, as well as the effect of relays as cognitive gateways and real-time, seamless multimedia transmission using cognitive radio.
Cognitive radios (CR) technology is capable of sensing its surrounding environment and adapting its internal states by making corresponding changes in certain operating parameters. CR is envisaged to solve the problems of the limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage. CR has been considered in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which enable wireless devices to dynamically establish networks without necessarily using a fixed infrastructure. The changing spectrum environment and the importance of protecting the transmission of the licensed users of the spectrum mainly differentiate classical MANETs from CR-MANETs. The cognitive capability and re-configurability of CR-MANETs have opened up several areas of research which have been explored extensively and continue to attract research and development. The book will describe CR-MANETs concepts, intrinsic properties and research challenges of CR-MANETs. Distributed spectrum management functionalities, such as spectrum sensing and sharing, will be presented. The design, optimization and performance evaluation of security issues and upper layers in CR-MANETs, such as transport and application layers, will be investigated.
Author's abstract: Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is regarded as an emerging technology to solve the spectrum scarcity problem created by static spectrum allocation. In DSA, unlicensed users access idle channels opportunistically, without creating any harmful interference to licensed users. This method will also help to incorporate billions of wireless devices for different applications such as Internet-of-Things, cyber-physical systems, smart grids, etc. Vehicular networks for intelligent transportation cyber-physical systems is emerging concept to improve transportation security and reliability. IEEE 802.11p standard comprising of 7 channels is dedicated for vehicular communications. These channels could be highly congested and may not be able to provide reliable communications in urban areas. Thus, vehicular networks are expected to utilize heterogeneous wireless channels for reliable communications. In this thesis, real-time opportunistic spectrum access in cloud based cognitive radio network (ROAR) architecture is used for energy efficiency and dynamic spectrum access in vehicular networks where geolocation of vehicles is used to find idle channels. Furthermore, a three step mechanism to detect geolocation falsification attacks is presented. Performance is evaluated using simulation results.
This brief examines current research on improving Vehicular Networks (VANETs), examining spectrum scarcity due to the dramatic growth of mobile data traffic and the limited bandwidth of dedicated vehicular communication bands and the use of opportunistic spectrum bands to mitigate congestion. It reviews existing literature on the use of opportunistic spectrum bands for VANETs, including licensed and unlicensed spectrum bands and a variety of related technologies, such as cognitive radio, WiFi and device-to-device communications. Focused on analyzing spectrum characteristics, designing efficient spectrum exploitation schemes, and evaluating the date delivery performance when utilizing different opportunistic spectrum bands, the results presented in this brief provide valuable insights on improving the design and deployment of future VANETs.