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This book provides an overview of planning and examining the methodology, analytic issues, primary and secondary endpoints and outcomes in headache trials. Throughout the book, guidance on how to design a high quality study and how to evaluate which study has relevant scientific qualification is discussed in detail. Clinical scales and patient related outcome measures (PROMs) to exclude secondary headaches, to diagnose primary headache disorders, to evaluate patients’ health-related quality of life, to detect psychiatric comorbidities, to assess patients’ headache-related disability and to monitor patients’ treatment optimization are clearly and concisely outlined in the chapters. Clinical Scales for Headache Disorders highlights the components for planning an effective headache study including interpretation of primary and secondary endpoints, common clinical scales, PROMs and their clinical reliability and validation. Both clinicians and researchers will find this book to be a useful tool for their medical and academic practices on headache and migraine.
During the last three decades, many laboratories worldwide have dedicated their research activities to understanding the roles of the cerebellum in motor control, cognitive processes and the biology of mental processes, behavioral symptoms and emotion. These advances have been associated with discoveries of new clinical disorders, in particular in the field of genetic ataxias, and the growing number of diseases presents a source of difficulty for clinicians during daily practice. This practical guide summarizes and evaluates current knowledge in the field of cerebellar disorders. Encompassing details of both common and uncommon cerebellar ataxias, including vascular, immune, neoplastic, infectious, traumatic, toxic and inherited disorders, this book will assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of the full spectrum of cerebellar ataxias encountered in daily practice. Essential reading for clinicians, including general practitioners, neurologists, pediatricians, radiologists, psychiatrists and neuropsychologists, this will also prove a valuable tool for students, trainees and researchers.
Rating scales are used daily by everyone involved in the management of patients with neurologic disease and in the design and management of neurologic clinical trials. Now there is a single source for the wide range of scales used in specific neurologic diseases and neurorehabilitation. You will refer to this volume constantly! The first edition of the Handbook of Neurologic Rating Scales quickly became an invaluable reference work on the increasing array of scales for measuring neurologic disease. In the brief few years since the first edition the importance of this book has only increased. New Chapters Include Scales On: Generic and general use Pediatric neurology and rehabilitation Peripheral neuropathy and pain Ataxia HIV/AIDS And instruments for diagnosing headaches. Formal measurement of the effects of neurologic disease and of treatment effects, beyond the description of changes on the standard neurologic examination, is a relatively recent development. Controlled clinical trials and outcomes research are at the heart of modern information-based medicine, and neurologic scales are essential tools in clinical trials designed to provide this information. A Resource for Clinical Trials The Handbook of Neurologic Rating Scales provides a resource for clinicians and clinical investigators in the broad field of neurology and neurologic rehabilitation to help them: evaluate the clinical trials literature by providing information on the scales being used evaluate and select appropriate and efficient scales for clinical trials and outcomes research, and provide information that will help them to develop new scales or measures or to improve existing ones. A Resource for Evaluating Disease Status Outcomes research is playing an increasingly important role in clinical management and neurorehabilitation, and these also depend largely on measurement of disease status and change. In this era of managed care, neurologists must produce outcomes data demonstrating the effectiveness of neurologic care if the specialty is to survive, and certainly if it is to thrive. Even effective therapies are likely to fall by the wayside if studies to prove their effectiveness are not done. Comprehensive and Standardized Information on All Scales Each chapter in this volume contains the scales of importance and in current use, including a sequence of scale descriptions and specific scales in a standard format, as well as a summary and recommendations indicating which scales are most useful for specific purposes and whether a combination of scales is particularly useful or if better scales are needed. Each entry notes: the purpose for which the scale was developed and its current uses if they differ from those for which it was developed a detailed description of the scale information about validation, such as: Does the scale have face validity? i.e., does it appear to measure what it purports to measure? how and by whom the scale is administered the time needed to administer and score the scale the scale itself or, when the scale is proprietary or too long for inclusion, a description and key references special considerations, including unusual measures needed to obtain a valid score or problems in administering the test in specific patients advantages, or what makes the scale good or useful. Disadvantages, or what makes the scale difficult to use or impairs its reliability key references, including the original publication of the scale and its validation Downloadable PDFs of the scales contained in the Handbook of Neurologic Rating Scales are included with the purchase of this book. The password to download the files can be found in the book itself.
Headache disorders are among the most common disorders of the nervous system. They are pandemic and, in many cases, they are recurrent and can accompany the patient for the whole life. These disorders impose a substantial burden on headache sufferers, on their families and on society: the individual impact is measured by the frequency and severity of attacks, while the societal burden is measured in terms of loss of activity at work and school as well as of costs for the health system. As a matter of facts, headaches are ranked in the top ten, and maybe the top five, causes of disability worldwide: they are therefore extraordinarily common. Population-based studies have mostly focused on migraine, which, even if it is the most frequently studied headache disorder, is not the most common . Other types of headache, such as the more prevalent TTH and sub-types of the more disabling chronic daily headache, have so far received less attention and need to be better investigated. This book will provide a useful tool to a wide medical population, who is required specific skills to diagnose and manage these frequent and often disabling disorders .Furthermore, it could also represents a compendium for medical students who are usually introduced to this topic through multidisciplinary university programmes.
In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Intended to promote a more appropriate and modern therapeutic approach to migraine management, this book is the first to deal with monoclonal antibodies in this context. Authored by the most respected migraine experts from around the globe and drawing on the lessons learned in both clinical trials and clinical practice, it reviews the current state of knowledge on this important therapeutic innovation, which has produced impressive data in randomized controlled trials, and the efficacy and safety of which have been confirmed in day-to-day real-world use. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad range of specialists, including pharmacologists, clinical pharmacologists, neurologists and internists, but also to residents and medical students.
This book assists appropriate headache assessment and decision-making in pediatrics. It covers many aspects and causes of headache disorders in children and adolescents using case studies to illustrate important points in history, examination, diagnosis, choice of management approach, therapy selection, and communication of the most helpful advice to the child and parents. Case studies have been taken from real clinical practice and presented in a consistent style. They are discussed by the authors to highlight important points in history, important positive and negative points in examination, the diagnosis, and full analysis and justification of treatment options. Headache in Children and Adolescents: A Case-Based Approach is an ideal reference for primary care physicians, paediatricians, neurologists and paediatric neurologists in their daily practice, in their consulting rooms and wards.
The authors of the first edition worked together again to revise data for the second edition of this popular volume. Based at three of the world's leading centers for the study and treatment of headache, these experts share their insights on every aspect of this common and irritating condition. In particular, the sections on migraine, cluster headache and vascular disease have been updated. Based on the classification system developed by the International Headache Society, Headache in Clinical Practice provides those interested in headache with an up-to-date compendium of current opinion, from epidemiology, pathophysiology and investigation, through options for intervention and management.
Roughly one in every five patients referred to a neurologist suffers from headaches; the majority have migraines. Although headache specialists understand migraine on a clinical basis, the pathophysiological changes that provoke and accompany the development of a migraine attack continue to elude us. Several decades have passed since the pioneering electroencephalographic study by Golla and Winter (1959), which underscored the role of abnormal rhythmic activities in migraine. Since then, there have been substantial advances in the field; a wealth of neurophysiological studies has enriched our understanding of the pathophysiological facets of the migraine pathology. Virtually every known technique of clinical electrophysiology has since been used to study the migraine brain and, more recently, new neurophysiological tools have been added to the arsenal. Nevertheless, applying the principles of peripheral and central neuromodulation offers a promising way to transfer the principles of synaptic plasticity to the patient’s bedside. This book belongs to the Headache Series endorsed by the European Headache Federation. Written by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields, it covers all aspects of clinical neurophysiological methods that represent significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine. It will offer a valuable toolkit for beginners, and a reference guide for experts.
This book aims to provide clinicians and other practitioners and professionals with up-to-date information on how to evaluate and manage headaches in children and adolescents, highlighting the most recent recommendations. Unlike in other books on the subject, detailed attention is devoted to the various comorbidities commonly associated with headache, including psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities and medical conditions such as epilepsy, vascular disorders, brain tumors, atopic disease, and obesity. The intimate link between these conditions and headache is explained with a view to enabling the reader to recognize their presence and, on that basis, to institute the most effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment strategy. Moreover, knowledge of the comorbidities associated with headache will help readers to understand more fully the causes of this serious disorder and also its consequences, e.g., for school performance, relationships, and daily activities. The authors are all international experts who care for children with headache or the other described disorders.