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Clinical Observation: A Guide for Students in Speech, Language, and Hearing provides structure and focus for students completing pre-clinical or early clinical observation as required by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Whether used in a course on observation and clinical processes, or as a self-guide to the observation process, this practical hands-on workbook will give a clear direction for guided observations and provide students with an understanding of what they are observing, why it is relevant, and how these skills serve as a building-block to their future role as clinicians. With clear and concise language, this reader friendly guide includes a quick review of background knowledge for each aspect of the clinical process, exercises and activities to check understanding and guide observation, and questions for reflection to help students apply their observation to their current studies and their future work as speech-language pathologists. This journaling process will help students connect what they observe with the knowledge they have gained from classes, textbooks, and journal articles. Thought provoking activities may be completed, revisited, and redone, and multiple activities are provided for each observation. This is a must-have resource for supervisors, students, and new clinicians. Clinical Observation: A Guide for Students in Speech, Language, and Hearing reviews the principles of good practice covering ASHA’s Big Nine areas of competency.
This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)
Accurate clinical observations are the key to good patient care and fundamental to nursing practice. Vital Signs for Nurses will support anyone in care delivery to enhance their skills, reflect upon their own practice and assist in their continuing professional development. This practical introductory text explores how to make assessments of heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, pain and nutrition. It also looks at issues of infection control, record-keeping and legal and ethical considerations. With case studies and examples throughout, this text will be invaluable to all healthcare assistants, student nurses, Trainee Assistant Practitioners and students on foundation degrees.
Clinical Observation in Communication Sciences and Disorders is a textbook written for undergraduate students studying communication sciences and disorders (CSD) who are beginning the process of obtaining clinical observation hours. Designed as an introduction to the process of clinical observation, this text takes a global approach in addressing the development of keen observation skills necessary for clinical practice. The book provides a framework for approaching clinical observation and includes exercises for instructors and students exploring the importance of clinical observation and its role in health care services, its historical context, philosophical underpinnings, and instructional strategies. Observation is vital to the CSD field, and this work presents a multimedia guide to clinical observation that has not been offered until now. Students and instructors are provided a thorough resource to facilitate the learning of, and learning through, observation that students will carry into clinical observation and future clinical practicum. Key Features: Recordings and videos of clinical studies and observations included on a PluralPlus companion website Activities and exercises that engage the reader firsthand with observation Chapters designed to guide students in developing comfort with self-exploration, reading and applying research that underlies fundamental observational skills, and recognizing the contributions of the individuals and families with whom they will work A broad approach to observation that can be applied and practiced globally A study of observation in CSD that has not been offered before
Clinical Observation in Communication Sciences and Disorders is a textbook written for undergraduate students studying communication sciences and disorders (CSD) who are beginning the process of obtaining clinical observation hours. Designed as an introduction to the process of clinical observation, this text takes a global approach in addressing the development of keen observation skills necessary for clinical practice. The book provides a framework for approaching clinical observation and includes exercises for instructors and students exploring the importance of clinical observation and its role in health care services, its historical context, philosophical underpinnings, and instructional strategies. Observation is vital to the CSD field, and this work presents a multimedia guide to clinical observation that has not been offered until now. Students and instructors are provided a thorough resource to facilitate the learning of, and learning through, observation that students will carry into clinical observation and future clinical practicum. Key Features: * Recordings and videos of clinical studies and observations included on a PluralPlus companion website * Activities and exercises that engage the reader firsthand with observation * Chapters designed to guide students in developing comfort with self-exploration, reading and applying research that underlies fundamental observational skills, and recognizing the contributions of the individuals and families with whom they will work * A broad approach to observation that can be applied and practiced globally * A study of observation in CSD that has not been offered before
This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.
Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.
This guide to successful practices in observation medicine covers both clinical and administrative aspects for a multinational audience.
In this landmark volume-- already acclaimed as "certain to become a milestone in the history of psychoanalysis and ego psychology"-- Joseph Weiss' theory of the psychotherapeutic process is presented and supported by the systematic, quantitative research carried out by Sampson, Weiss, and the Mount Zion Psychotherapy Research Group. This remarkable work delineates clear-cut implications for doing therapy and for conceptualizing the therapeutic process. The theory extends and develops concepts that Freud introduced in his later writings. It assumes that psychopathology stems from certain grim, unconscious, pathogenic beliefs that the patient acquires by inference from early traumatic experiences. The patient suffers unconsciously from these beliefs and the feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse that stem from them. He is, therefore, powerfully motivated unconsciously to change them. Moreover, the patient is able to exert considerable control over unconscious mental life and, indeed, to make and carry out unconscious plans. He works unconsciously throughout his treatment to change pathogenic beliefs, both by testing them in relation to the analyst and by using insights conveyed by the analyst's interpretations. Since the theory is close to observation it enables the clinician to monitor the patient's progress--to understand, throughout the treatment, how the patient improves, or is set back, by the analyst's interventions. The quantitative, empirical research presented bears directly on this theory. It offers strong evidence that the patient exerts control over the emergence of previously repressed mental contents, bringing them to consciousness when he unconsciously decides he may safely experience them. Supporting the hypothesis that the patient tests pathogenic beliefs throughout treatment in an effort to disconfirm them, it shows that the patient is very likely to respond favorably to interpretations that he can use in his struggle to disconfirm his pathogenic beliefs--but unfavorably to interpretations he cannot use for this purpose. A model of how rigorous psychoanalytic research can both sharpen and modify theoretical constructs and also lend support to a clinical approach, this distinguished volume will be valued by theoreticians, clinicians, researchers, and anyone interested in how the mind works. It provides a clear, accessible, and empirically testable approach to psychoanalytic practice.