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A great utility to the international oceanographic, climate research, and operational communities. This volume provides a global analysis of oceanographic data focusing on salinity. Contains maps of salinity at selected standard levels of the world ocean on a one-degree grid, for all-data annual and seasonal compositing periods. Basin zonal averages and basin volume averages are computed from objectively analyzed fields and are presented in the form of figures and tables.
Marine Meteorology has a long tradition, and studies of surface meteorological conditions have been published repeatedly since the end of the last century. Recently, the demand has grown for more detailed descriptions. This stems both from the public's interest in climatic change and from our growing ability to analyse atmospheric and oceanic processes with the aid of numerical models. These models require input data on a regular, finely spaced grid; the increased amount of oceanic data available permits us to provide detailed charts both of surface meteorological conditions and of air-sea interactions. The present atlas deals with the surface climate of the North Atlantic Ocean from the equator to 65°N, in the period 1941 to 1972. It is based on data originally evaluated by Andrew F. Bunker of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He analysed observations from the ships of the Voluntary Observing Fleet in many parts of the world ocean to calculate the various components of the heat budget at the air-sea interface. When Bunker died in 1979, he left the major part of his data and results in an unpublished state. Since he had spent considerable effort on validating the data and calculating air-sea fluxes by the so-called individual method, it was considered worthwhile to make this unique set of climate data available to the scientific community. The observed meteorological quantities are presented in Volume 1 of this atlas. Volume 2 contains the air-sea interaction fluxes.
Marine Meteorology has a long tradition, and studies of surface meteorological conditions have been published repeatedly since the end of the last century. Recently, the demand has grown for more detailed descriptions. This stems both from the public's interest in climatic change and from our growing ability to analyse atmospheric and oceanic processes with the aid of numerical models. These models require input data on a regular, finely spaced grid; the increased amount of oceanic data available permits us to provide detailed charts both of surface meteorological conditions and of air-sea interactions. The present atlas deals with the surface climate of the North Atlantic Ocean from the equator to 65°N, in the period 1941 to 1972. It is based on data originally evaluated by Andrew F. Bunker of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He analysed observations from the ships of the Voluntary Observing Fleet in many parts of the world ocean to calculate the various components of the heat budget at the air-sea interface. When Bunker died in 1979, he left the major part of his data and results in an unpublished state. Since he had spent considerable effort on validating the data and calculating air-sea fluxes by the so-called individual method, it was considered worthwhile to make this unique set of climate data available to the scientific community. The observed meteorological quantities are presented in Volume 1 of this atlas. Volume 2 contains the air-sea interaction fluxes.
Contains maps of yearly upper ocean temperature anomaly fields at selected standard levels of the world ocean, computed on a one-degree latitude-longitude grid, for the years 1960-1990. The fields used to generate these maps were computed by objective analysis of historical data. Data distribution maps are presented for individual years at selected standard levels. Also, figures showing the results of multi variate analyses of these fields, linear temperature trends occurring in the upper ocean, and difference fields between selected years are presented.
This atlas contains maps of phosphate, nitrate and silicate at selected standard levels of the world ocean in a one-degree grid. The fields used to generate these maps were computed by objective historical data. Maps for all-data annual composing periods are presented. Data distribution maps are presented for various composting periods. Basin zonal averages and basin volume averages are computed form these objectively analyzed fields and presented in the form of figures and tables.