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Remotely piloted aviation systems (RPAS) or 'drones' are well known for their military uses, but they could also be used for a range of civil applications for state, industrial, commercial and recreational purposes. Regulatory changes are underway which will allow their use in domestic airspace, with substantial functional and economic benefits predicted. The potential benefits of the civil drone sector for its military counterpart have also been recognised and nurtured, although concerns have been raised about European citizens rejecting civil drones because of their association with military drones, as well as some potentially controversial 'crossover' applications such as policing and border control. In this report, we consider this issue in detail, as well as other societal and ethics aspects the introduction of civil drones to European airspace.^Exploring policy developments, consultations and research projects in Europe and third countries, we offer a critique of certain aspects of the development strategy, grounded in the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation. In doing so, we do not rely upon critique of drone technologies per se, in their neither their civil nor military guises. Rather, we seek to inform the evolution of responsible and socially beneficial civil drone development strategies. First, we introduce civil drone technology and the main applications areas anticipated. Following this, in Section 2, we describe consultation and development in Europe, the USA and Canada, with particular reference to the management of any identified societal or ethics concerns. In Section 3, we consider three such aspects in more detail in a European context: privacy and data protection, law enforcement, and representations of the relationship between civil and military drones.^In Section 4 we present a discussion of what we understand about civil drones in European society, and in Section 5 we offer some recommendations along with and a brief description of further work.
Drones in Society takes the uninitiated on a journey to understand the history of drones, the present day and potential future in order to demystify the media hype. Written in an accessible style, itwill appeal to a broad range of interested readerships, among them students, safety regulators, government employees, airspace regulators, insurance brokers and underwriters, risk managers, lawyers, privacy groups and the RPAS industry generally. In a world first, this book is a light and interesting read; being both relatable and memorable while discussing complex matters of privacy, international law and the challenges ahead for us all.
The integration of drones into society has attracted unprecedented attention throughout the world. The change, for aviation, has been described as being equally as big as the arrival of the jet engine. This book examines the issues that surround this change, for our society and the legal frameworks that preserve our way of life. Drones in Society takes the uninitiated on a journey to understand the history of drones, the present day and the potential future in order to demystify the media hype. Written in an accessible style, Drones in Society will appeal to a broad range of interested readerships, among them students, safety regulators, government employees, airspace regulators, insurance brokers and underwriters, risk managers, lawyers, privacy groups and the Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) industry generally. In a world first, this book is a light and interesting read; being both relatable and memorable while discussing complex matters of privacy, international law and the challenges ahead for us all.
How small-scale drones, satellites, kites, and balloons are used by social movements for the greater good. Drones are famous for doing bad things: weaponized, they implement remote-control war; used for surveillance, they threaten civil liberties and violate privacy. In The Good Drone, Austin Choi-Fitzpatrick examines a different range of uses: the deployment of drones for the greater good. Choi-Fitzpatrick analyzes the way small-scale drones--as well as satellites, kites, and balloons--are used for a great many things, including documenting human rights abuses, estimating demonstration crowd size, supporting anti-poaching advocacy, and advancing climate change research. In fact, he finds, small drones are used disproportionately for good; nonviolent prosocial uses predominate.
The report Civilian Use Of Drones In The EU (HL 122) examines non-military uses for drones, and outlines how drones may be used by civilians in the EU. Drones, or remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) are no longer used solely by the military. In the UK alone, there are now hundreds of companies, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises, using RPAS to provide a range of services, including photography, land surveying, building inspection and crop analysis. RPAS will revolutionize what the aviation industry can achieve and how it is regulated. Europe must act now in order to reap the future benefits of this exciting new technology. This report evaluates the plans set out by the European Commission in a Communication in April 2014 to make Europe a global leader in the RPAS industry.
The aviation industry is being transformed by the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones – commercially, militarily, scientifically and recreationally. National regulations have generally failed to keep pace with the expansion of the fast-growing drone industry. Aviation Law and Drones: Unmanned Aircraft and the Future of Aviation traces the development of aviation laws and regulations, explains how aviation is regulated at an international and national level, considers the interrelationship between rapidly advancing technology and legislative attempts to keep pace, and reviews existing domestic and international drone laws and issues (including safety, security, privacy and airspace issues). Against this background, the book uniquely proposes a rationale for, and key provisions of, guiding principles for the regulation of drones internationally – provisions of which could also be implemented domestically. Finally, the book examines the changing shape of our increasingly busy skies – technology beyond drones and the regulation of that technology. The world is on the edge of major disruption in aviation – drones are just the beginning. Given the almost universal interest in drones, this book will be of interest to readers worldwide, from the academic sector and beyond.
This book tackles the regulatory issues of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) or Remotely-Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS), which have profound consequences for privacy, security and other fundamental liberties. Collectively known as “drones,” they were initially deployed for military purposes: reconnaissance, surveillance and extrajudicial executions. Today, we are witnessing a growth of their use into the civilian and humanitarian domain. They are increasingly used for goals as diverse as news gathering, aerial inspection of oil refinery flare stacks, mapping of the Amazonian rain-forest, crop spraying and search and rescue operations. The civil use of drones is becoming a reality in the European Union and in the US.The drone revolution may be a new technological revolution. Proliferation of the next generation of “recreational” drones show how drones will be sold as any other consumer item. The cultural perception of the technology is shifting, as drones are increasingly being used for humanitarian activities, on one hand, but they can also firmly be situated in the prevailing modes of postmodern governance on the other hand. This work will be of interest to researchers in Criminology and Criminal Justice interested in issues related to surveillance, security, privacy, and technology. It will also provide a criminological background for related legal issues, such as privacy law, aviation law, international criminal law, and comparative law.
Given the popularity of drones and the fact that they are easy and cheap to buy, it is generally expected that the ubiquity of drones will significantly increase within the next few years. This raises questions as to what is technologically feasible (now and in the future), what is acceptable from an ethical point of view and what is allowed from a legal point of view. Drone technology is to some extent already available and to some extent still in development. The aim and scope of this book is to map the opportunities and threats associated with the use of drones and to discuss the ethical and legal issues of the use of drones. This book provides an overview of current drone technologies and applications and of what to expect in the next few years. The question of how to regulate the use of drones in the future is addressed, by considering conditions and contents of future drone legislation and by analyzing issues surrounding privacy and safeguards that can be taken. As such, this book is valuable to scholars in several disciplines, such as law, ethics, sociology, politics and public administration, as well as to practitioners and others who may be confronted with the use of drones in their work, such as professionals working in the military, law enforcement, disaster management and infrastructure management. Individuals and businesses with a specific interest in drone use may also find in the nineteen contributions contained in this volume unexpected perspectives on this new field of research and innovation. Bart Custers is Associate Professor and Head of Research at eLaw, the Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University, The Netherlands. He has presented his work at international conferences in the United States, China, Japan, the Middle East and throughout Europe and has published over 80 scientific, professional and popularizing publications, including three books.
Introduces readers to the uses of civil and commercial Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), sometimes called 'domestic drones'.